Photosynthesis in Plants

Treatment with sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) detaches peripheral membrane proteins.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is the phototrophic process where light energy is captured and converted to ATP, without the production of oxygen. Water is therefore not used as an electron donor. Green sulfur bacteria, green and red filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs), phototrophic purple bacteria, phototrophic Acidobacteria, and phototrophic heliobacteria perform Anoxygenic photosynthesis.

C3 responds to increased CO₂ concentration and saturation is seen only beyond 450 μlL^-1.

Xerophytes, such as cacti and most succulents, also use PEP carboxylase to capture carbon dioxide in a process called Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).

Plastocyanin is a soluble protein.

In the bundle sheath cells these C4 acids are broken down  to release CO₂ and a 3-carbon molecule.

During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. This is the oxygen we breathe.

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in photosynthesis that absorbs light energy (mainly blue and red wavelengths). Carotene and xanthophyll are accessory pigments, while haemoglobin transports oxygen in blood.

Stomata are tiny pores primarily located on the undersides of leaves that allow gas exchange. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through these openings to reach the mesophyll cells where photosynthesis occurs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals, while the stem provides structural support and transport.

Plants convert glucose produced during photosynthesis into starch for storage in leaves. Starch is insoluble and compact, making it ideal for storage without affecting osmotic pressure. Glucose and fructose are simple sugars used directly for energy or transport.

Water is the only substance that appears in both photosynthesis (as a reactant) and respiration (as a product). In photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → glucose + 6O2. In respiration: glucose + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O. Oxygen is only produced in photosynthesis, CO2 only in respiration.

Brown algae (Phaeophyta) contain chlorophyll a and c, along with fucoxanthin pigment which gives them their characteristic brown color. Chlorophyll b is found in green algae and land plants, while chlorophyll d is found in some cyanobacteria. The distinctive brown color comes from fucoxanthin masking the green chlorophyll.

Yes, it is the correct answer. In green plants, not all the cells, tissues and organs carry out photosynthesis, but only the cells containing chloroplasts that are most often located in the superficial layers, carry out photosynthesis.

Enterococcus faecalis is an aerotolerant organism as it only contains peroxidase.

 A granum (plural grana) is a stack of thylakoid discs.A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts.They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Pyrenoids are sub-cellular micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algaeThe stroma of a plant is the region outside of the thylakoid space; most of the enzymes essential in the process of photosynthesis are generally embedded in the stroma and in the thylakoid membranes.