Photosynthesis in Plants

Enzyme that catalyses decarboxylation in bundle-sheath cells differs. In maize and sugarcane, the enzyme is NADP-malic enzyme.

During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. This is the oxygen we breathe.

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in photosynthesis that absorbs light energy (mainly blue and red wavelengths). Carotene and xanthophyll are accessory pigments, while haemoglobin transports oxygen in blood.

Stomata are tiny pores primarily located on the undersides of leaves that allow gas exchange. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through these openings to reach the mesophyll cells where photosynthesis occurs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals, while the stem provides structural support and transport.

Plants convert glucose produced during photosynthesis into starch for storage in leaves. Starch is insoluble and compact, making it ideal for storage without affecting osmotic pressure. Glucose and fructose are simple sugars used directly for energy or transport.

Water is the only substance that appears in both photosynthesis (as a reactant) and respiration (as a product). In photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → glucose + 6O2. In respiration: glucose + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O. Oxygen is only produced in photosynthesis, CO2 only in respiration.

Brown algae (Phaeophyta) contain chlorophyll a and c, along with fucoxanthin pigment which gives them their characteristic brown color. Chlorophyll b is found in green algae and land plants, while chlorophyll d is found in some cyanobacteria. The distinctive brown color comes from fucoxanthin masking the green chlorophyll.

Yes, it is the correct answer. In green plants, not all the cells, tissues and organs carry out photosynthesis, but only the cells containing chloroplasts that are most often located in the superficial layers, carry out photosynthesis.

 As compared to a C₃^- plant, twelve additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by C₄^- plants. 18 ATPs are required to synthesize one glucose molecule in C₃ plant and 30 ATPs are required to synthesize one glucose molecule in C₄ plants.

 A granum (plural grana) is a stack of thylakoid discs.A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts.They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Pyrenoids are sub-cellular micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algaeThe stroma of a plant is the region outside of the thylakoid space; most of the enzymes essential in the process of photosynthesis are generally embedded in the stroma and in the thylakoid membranes.

 Photosynthesis in C4- plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO2 levels because the primary fixation of CO2 is mediated via PEP carboxylase.

 Photosynthetically active radiation( PAR), designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye. Photons at shorter wavelengths tend to be so energetic that they can be damaging to cells and tissues, but are mostly filtered out by the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Photons at longer wavelengths do not carry enough energy to allow photosynthesis to take place.

Each cell of Spirogyra contains 1-16 chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis converts light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (a carbohydrate) and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the primary energy storage molecules produced by plants. While plants can later synthesize fats and proteins from carbohydrates, these are not the direct products of photosynthesis.

The metal constituent of chlorophyll is Mg. Long chain alcohol esterified to plant chlorophyll molecules is phytol.