Photosynthesis in Plants

Garner and Allard are famous for their pioneering research on photoperiodism, which is the physiological response of organisms to the length of day or night.

Photosynthesis utilizes the visible light spectrum (PAR - Photosynthetically Active Radiation), which ranges from approximately 400 to 700 nm.

Noncyclic photophosphorylation (the Z-scheme) involves the participation of both Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI) to produce both ATP and NADPH.

Cells are isodiametric i.e. equally expanded on all sides. They may be oval, round, polygonal or elongated. Nucleus is present and hence living. The cell walls are thin and made of cellulose. Cytoplasm is dense with a single large vacuole. Intercellular spaces may be present. Parenchyma which contain chlorophyll, are called chlorenchyma. It is found in the cortex of root, ground tissue in stems and mesophyll of leaves.

During photosynthesis, plants split water molecules to obtain electrons, releasing oxygen as a byproduct (waste) into the atmosphere.

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process in which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Photosynthesis, by contrast, consumes carbon dioxide.

This is the correct answer.Plants need sunlight, air ,water and green coloured pigment chlorophyll for photosynthesis

This is the correct answer. The plants release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.

This is the correct option. Chloroplasts combines carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce food and are absent in the root cells of a plant.

Photosynthesis - is a process by which green plants make their own food. Photosynthesis occurs in leaves and green stems within specialized cell organelle called chloroplasts as they contain green pigment (chlorophyll) which is required for the process of making food (photosynthesis). 

Carbon gets included into the life-forms through the basic process of photosynthesis that takes place in the presence of sunlight.

Carbon is released into the atmosphere in several ways such as: Respiration, Decay of animal and plant matter, Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products and natural gas, Production of cement, Volcanic eruptions and Metamorphism. Volcanic gases are primarily water vapour, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, etc.  Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight.

Chromatiaceae is a family of purple sulphur bacteria. e.g. Chromatium. These are short, Gram-negative rods, ~1 µm in diameter and 3-4 µm long. They are able to use sulphur and sulphide, as the sole photosynthetic electron donor and sulphur can be oxidized to sulphate. These bacteria use an inorganic sulphur compound, such as, hydrogen sulfide, as an electron donor.

Only the light reactions of photosystem I and II are light dependent.