Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice

Within the body the messages are transmitted by:

  1. epithelial tissue

  2. connective tissue

  3. muscle tissue

  4. nerve tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A tissue which is specialized to transmit messages in our body is nervous tissue. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves are all composed of nerves tissue. Nervous tissue contains highly specialised unit cells called nerve cells. Nerve cells have the ability to receive stimuli from within or outside the body and conduct to different parts of the body. the impulses travels from one nerve cells to another nerve cell.

Multiple choice

Which nerve provides sensation to the skin over the suprapubic area?

  1. Iliohypogastric nerve

  2. Femoral nerve

  3. Ilioinguinal nerve

  4. Splanchnic nerves

  5. Pudendal nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The iliohypogastric nerve passes medial to the anterosuperior iliac spine in the abdominal wall to supply the skin of the suprapubic area. It enters the anterior abdominal wall at a site 2–3 cm medial to the anterosuperior iliac spine and then courses between the layers of the rectus sheath. It is at risk for entrapment when closing a low transverse incision.

Multiple choice

Fatty covering myelin sheaths are found

  1. surrounding the tendons

  2. covering the muscles

  3. around axone of neurons

  4. covering the brain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Myelin sheaths are found around the axone of some  neurones.

Multiple choice

Transformation of mechanical to neural signals takes place

  1. at the base of the outer hair cells

  2. at potassium ion channels in stereocilia

  3. between the oval and round windows

  4. in the scala tympani

  5. in the scala vestibuli

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Movement of the cilia opens potassium channels. The influx of potassium causes a subsequent influx of calcium and a receptor potential that can cause an action potential in the afferent dendrites.

Multiple choice

Neuropeptides are small protein molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. They are present in synaptic terminals because

  1. they are synthesized in the terminal

  2. they are carried by fast axonal transport

  3. they are carried by diffusion

  4. they are carried by slow axonal transport

  5. they are taken-up from the extracellular space

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Neuropeptides are neuronal signaling molecules. They are synthesized in the cell body and are processed in vesicles that are transported to axon terminals along microtubules via fast axonal transport.

Multiple choice

Nerve transmission is a

  1. biological process

  2. mechanical process

  3. physical process

  4. chemical process
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nerve conduction is an electrochemical process, which means that it uses electricity made with chemical molecules.

Multiple choice

'Dendrites' are found in

  1. striated muscles

  2. non-striated muscles

  3. neurons

  4. cardiac muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ans - 3

The short branched fibre of neuron, which receives nerve impulses.

Multiple choice

Which among the following is the nerve of the taste?

  1. V cranial nerve

  2. V1 cranial nerve

  3. V111 cranial nerve

  4. 1X cranial nerve

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial nerve) is responsible for taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue. The V (trigeminal) nerve handles general sensation, and the VIII (vestibulocochlear) nerve handles hearing and balance.

Multiple choice

A nerve fibre is depolarized when it acquires

  1. a negative charge in the intracellular fluid and positive charge outside

  2. a positive charge in the intracellular fluid and negative charge outside

  3. positive charge on both sides

  4. negative charge on both sides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Depolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes less negative (or more positive) inside the cell relative to the outside, typically due to an influx of sodium ions.

Multiple choice

The 3rd, 6th and 11th cranial nerves respectively are

  1. optic, facial and spinal nerves

  2. oculomotor, trigeminal and spinal

  3. trigeminal, abducens and vagus

  4. oculomotor, abducens and spinal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The 3rd cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve, the 6th is the abducens nerve, and the 11th is the spinal accessory nerve. Option D correctly identifies these.

Multiple choice

The autonomous nerve system has control over :

  1. Reflex action

  2. Skeletal muscle

  3. Sense organs

  4. Internal organs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the functions of our internal organs (the viscera) such as the heart, stomach and intestines. The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it also controls some of the muscles within the body.