Biology · General Awareness

Muscle Biology

836 Questions

Muscle biology covers the structures, functions, and contraction mechanisms of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Test questions target filaments, stimuli, and specific muscle roles. A clear understanding helps secure marks in biology sections.

Skeletal muscle controlCardiac muscle propertiesMuscle contraction mechanismActin and myosin filamentsMuscle functions

Muscle Biology Questions

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Muscular tissue is differentiated into

  1. Unstriped, striped

  2. Striped, cardiac

  3. Cardiac, muscle, unstriped

  4. Unstriped, striated and cardiac
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are three types of muscle tissue such as cardiac, smooth or unstriated and skeletal or striated.
Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated and are under involuntary control.
Smooth or unstriated muscle fibers are located in the walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped and are under involuntary control.
Skeletal or striated muscles fibers occur in muscles, which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary control.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Unstriated muscles are found in

  1. Veins

  2. Arteries

  3. Uterus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Smooth muscles are the muscle tissues that contracts without conscious control (involuntary), having the form of thin layers or sheets. It is made up of spindle-shaped, unstriated cells with single nuclei and found in the walls of the internal organs such as stomach, uterus, bladder, intestine and blood vessels (veins, arteries) except for heart.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Red muscle fibres are present over

  1. Extensors of backs

  2. Flight muscle of birds

  3. Athletes of marathon race

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Three major types of skeletal muscle fibers have been identified in vertebrates: slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative, and fast-glycolytic. Slow-oxidative fibers are specialized for endurance activities such as swimming, running long distances like the marathon, or maintaining posture. They contract slowly and fatigue slowly. These fibers require a steady supply of oxygen. They derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration and are rich in mitochondria and capillaries. Slow-oxidative fibers are rich in myoglobin, a red pigment similar to hemoglobin in red blood cells, which stores oxygen. Myoglobin enhances rapid diffusion of oxygen from blood into muscles during strenuous muscle exertion. Because of the myoglobin, slow-oxidative fibers are red. Birds that fly have red breast muscles specialized to support sustained activity. In humans, the proportions of slow-oxidative and fast-oxidative fibers vary among individuals and from muscle to muscle in the same person.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

One myosin filament in the myofibril of skeletal muscle fibre is surrounded by how many actin filaments?

  1. Two

  2. Four

  3. Six

  4. Three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Six actin filaments surround each myosin filament and the active sites of an actin filament are available to three different myosin filaments in the myofibril of skeletal muscle fibre.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

The type of muscle present in our 

  1. Heart is Involuntary and unstriated smooth muscle

  2. Intestine is striated and involuntary

  3. Thigh is striated and voluntary

  4. Upper arm is smooth muscle and fusiform in shape
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thigh muscles are skeletal muscles, which are striated and under voluntary control.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

In heart cells, which one serves as a second messenger, speeding up muscle cell contraction in response to adrenaline _____________.

  1. cAMP

  2. cGMP

  3. GTP

  4. ATP

  5. AMP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In cardiac muscle cells, adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, activating adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP, which acts as a second messenger to increase contraction rate and force.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following tissues is most affected due to the deficiency of oxygen? 

  1. Cardiac muscles

  2. Visceral muscles

  3. Hyaline cartilage

  4. Long bones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When oxygen demand increases, heart rate and cardiac output increase, which increases the flow of blood through the lung and the pressure required to force blood through the arterioles and capillaries of the lung. Due to this, the cardiac muscles are most affected due to deficiency of oxygen. So, the correct option is 'Cardiac muscles'.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

One amongst the following is not a property of cardiac muscle fibres

  1. Their T- tubules occur at the level of Z - discs

  2. They are innervated by branches from cranial and spinal nerves

  3. Striated in appearance

  4. Their refractory period is longest
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Cardiac muscle fibres are involuntary and striated in appearance, which is present in the heart. The main characteristic of this is they initiate their rhythmic impulses. Their refractory period is the longest. This type of muscle fibres is innervated by branches from cranial and spinal nerves. Skeletal muscle contains Z-discs to connect the one muscle fibre from another muscle fibres. But cardiac muscle fibres do not contain Z-disc
Thus, the correct answer is 'Their T- tubules occur at the level of Z - discs.'
Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Which muscles having functionally multinucleated conditions?

  1. Cardiac muscle

  2. Smooth muscle

  3. Voluntary muscle

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated from the fusion of muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells are strictly mononucleated, and cardiac muscle cells are mononucleated in humans. However, cardiac muscle cells are functionally syncytium. They have their cells interconnected with gap junctions, which allow rapid co-ordinated contraction of the muscle cells. The cells, however, are not multinucleated and are not true syncytium (as seen in case of skeletal muscle) but functionally they are syncytium (multinucleated). Therefore, cardiac muscle is functionally multinucleated and skeletal (voluntary) muscle are true multinucleated. So, the correct option is 'Cardiac muscle'.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Skeletal muscles are controlled by?

  1. Sympathetic nervous system

  2. Parasympathetic nervous system

  3. Somatic nervous system

  4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic both
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves.
  • Skeletal muscle is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. 
  • Hence Skeletal muscles are controlled by Somatic nervous system.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Somatic nervous system'.
Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

The type of muscle fibre present in the wall of alimentary canal is 

  1. smooth muscle fibre

  2. striped muscle fibre

  3. cardiac muscle fibre

  4. both (a) and (b)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The wall of the gut or the alimentary canal is made up of smooth muscle fibres. The presence of these muscles makes it an involuntary organ.
So, the correct answer is 'smooth muscle fibre'.