Modern Indian History

Shyamji Krishna Varma established India House in London in 1905 as a center for revolutionary activities and nationalist scholarship. It became a hub for Indian revolutionaries including Vinayak Savarkar. Dadabhai Naoroji was the first three-time Congress President, Madam Cama worked from there, and Savarkar was a resident, not the founder.

Gandhi served as Congress President only once, during the 1924 Belgaum session. He generally avoided formal party positions, preferring to work from the grassroots and guide the movement morally rather than administratively.

The 1907 Surat Session witnessed the historic split between Moderates (led by Gokhale) and Extremists (led by Tilak). The Moderates expelled the Extremits from the party, causing a major division that lasted until the 1916 Lucknow Pact.

The Imperial Bank of India was nationalized in 1955 to form the State Bank of India through the State Bank of India Act. This marked a significant step in India's banking sector development.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Home Rule League in 1916 to demand self-rule for India. Annie Besant also started a separate Home Rule League the same year, but Tilak is most prominently associated with founding the movement.

The Deccan Educational Society was founded in 1884 by Mahadev Govind Ranade along with other nationalists. It was established to promote national education. Tilak, Gokhale, and Dadabhai Naoroji were all freedom fighters but not founders of this specific society.

The British Residency was moved from Mysore to Bangalore in 1804 after the final Anglo-Mysore War and Tipu Sultan's defeat in 1799. Bangalore's strategic location and favorable climate made it more suitable for British administrative headquarters. The other dates are incorrect - 1799 was the year of Tipu Sultan's death, and 1962 is far too late.

"Vaishnava Jana To" was composed by Narsinh Mehta, a 15th-century Gujarati poet-saint. This bhajan was one of Mahatma Gandhi's favorites and was often sung in his prayer meetings. The poem describes the qualities of a true Vaishnava (devotee of Vishnu).

The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched after the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) in 1930. Gandhi's 240-mile march to Dandi to make salt symbolically defied the salt tax and marked the beginning of mass civil disobedience against British rule.

Lal Bahadur Shastri coined the slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' (Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer) in 1965 during the India-Pakistan war, emphasizing the importance of both military defense and agricultural productivity. Madan Mohan Malaviya, Nehru, and Tilak were prominent leaders but not associated with this specific slogan.

"Satyameva Jayathe" is originally from the Mundaka Upanishad, but Madan Mohan Malaviya popularized it as a national slogan during the freedom movement. It was later adopted as India's national motto and appears on the national emblem. Nehru and Gandhi were prominent leaders but not associated with this particular slogan's popularization.

"Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it" was declared by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916, becoming a powerful slogan for India's self-rule movement. Tilak was one of the first leaders to demand complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule. Bismil Azimabadi wrote revolutionary poems, while Iqbal composed different nationalist songs.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose gave the rousing slogan "Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom" (Tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi dunga) to inspire Indians to join the Indian National Army (INA). This powerful call to sacrifice was meant to mobilize mass support for armed struggle against British rule. Bismil Azimabadi and Bhagat Singh were associated with different revolutionary movements.

This metaphorical quote comparing swarajya (self-rule) to a tree trunk and swadeshi (domestic goods) to its branches is attributed to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, one of the first leaders of the Indian independence movement. Tilak emphasized that self-rule was the foundation, with swadeshi as a natural outgrowth. The other options are incorrect - while Tagore and Gandhi also supported swadeshi, this specific tree metaphor is associated with Tilak's philosophy.