Modern Indian History

Chitta Ranjan Das was a prominent leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) and served as mayor of Kolkata. He later co-founded the Swaraj Party in 1923 after the movement was suspended. Quit India (1942) and Salt March (1930) were different movements led by other leaders.

The Planning Commission of India was established in March 1950 by the government of India, with Jawaharlal Nehru as its first chairman.

Nathuram Godse assassinated Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948, in New Delhi.

Nehru and Patel were initially cautious about linguistic states, fearing it would lead to national disintegration. They prioritized national unity over linguistic reorganization in the immediate post-independence period.

Andhra State was carved out of the Madras Presidency on 1 October 1953, following the death of Potti Sriramulu and subsequent public agitation.

India and Pakistan gained their independence from British colonial rule in August 1947.

The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 to provide a platform for educated Indians to voice their concerns and seek political reforms under British rule.

Gandhi famously advocated for satyagraha, or non-violent civil disobedience, to challenge British authority in India. This approach focused on peaceful resistance rather than armed conflict.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and became the primary political party advocating for Indian independence, with a membership that was predominantly Hindu.

Gandhi's philosophy of non-violent resistance, or civil disobedience, was his most effective tool for challenging British rule in India.

Before becoming a political leader, Gandhi studied law in London and practiced as a lawyer, notably in South Africa.

The exhaustion of British resources and the global shift in colonial attitudes following World War II were major factors that led to India's independence in 1947.

The spinning wheel (charkha) became a powerful symbol of Indian self-reliance and nationalism, as Gandhi encouraged Indians to spin their own cloth to boycott British textiles.

Gandhi was highly critical of the Western education system in India, arguing that it was designed to create clerks for the British administration rather than fostering true knowledge or character.

Rabindranath Tagore established his institution, Shantiniketan, in 1901, aiming to create a school that combined traditional Indian values with modern educational ideals.