Modern Indian History

In 1920, Gandhiji started the Non-Cooperation Movement. He advised the people not to cooperate with the British, with a view to bring the administration to a standstill.

In the Non-Cooperation movement, in response to Gandhiji’s call for the boycott of foreign goods, Jayarao Nargund gave up his legal practice to actively participate in the movement. He launched the Boycott and Swadeshi movement at Bagalkot in 1905. This movement consisted of the boycott of the use of the foreign goods like sugar, kerosene and bangles. Eventually, he was arrested for his speeches urging non-cooperation, burning of foreign goods, and articles published in pamphlets, newspapers and magazines.

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province on 5th Feb, 1922. A large group of protesters clashed with the police and in retaliation to the firing by police, set fire to a police station killing all the policemen inside. Upset with the incident due to violence involved, Gandhiji called a halt to the Non-Cooperation movement.

This movement marked the first major anti-British reaction and its new political order initiated in 1849 among the people in Punjab in 1857. The Namdhari Movement, the aftermath of the Kuka Movement was the most important phase as it aimed at overthrowing the British rule and played important role in freedom struggle. This movement actively propagated the principles of boycott and non-co-operation given by Sant Guru Ram Singh (founded the Namdhari sect) for the Namdharis. Guru’s Non-co-operation Movement actively propagated few things such as the boycott of education institutions of British and laws established by them.

Congress held a special session in Calcutta in September 1920 under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai. It met to pass the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi wrongly predicted that if the Non-cooperation movement gets successful, Swaraj could be attained in One year. 

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919. Gandhi organized a hartal, a form of protest through non-violence by the stoppage of work on 6th Aprill,1919.

Khilafat Movement was organized by the Ali brothers- Shaukat and Muḥammad Ali to protest against the injustice done to Turkey. It was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I. In early 1919 a Khilafat Committee which demanded that the Khalifa’s control over Muslim sacred places be restored and he should be left with sufficient territories.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mahatma Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. The movement was suspended in February 1922 on account of Chauri Chaura incident. In Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement. Gandhi decided to discontinue the movement as the principle of ahimsa or nonviolence was violated and the Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli on 12th February 1922 to suspend the mass movement.

The Khilafat movement was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement for Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. It had lost its relevance when Mustafa Kemal Ataturk had abolished the Caliphate.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. The movement was suspended in February 1922 on account of Chauri Chaura incident. In Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement. Gandhi discontinued the movement as the principle of ahimsa or nonviolence was violated.

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919. Gandhi organized a hartal, a form of protest through non-violence by stoppage of work and going on hunger strike.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. Another objective was the restoration of the old status of the Caliph. Lord Reading was the Viceroy during which the Non-cooperation Movement had reached climax and was abruptly withdrawn in 1922.

Non-cooperation movement was an attempt organized by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It involved boycott of foreign goods, surrendering all titles and honorary offices and resign from nominated seats in local bodies, etc. It was suddenly adjourned due to the violent Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was immediately followed by the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It was the incident in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. On 13 April 1919, thousands of people were gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer arrived there with armed troops and ordered  ruthless firing on the uninformed crowd.