Modern Indian History

Sarad Chandra Bose (also spelled Sarat Chandra Bose) was the elder brother of Subhash Chandra Bose and was indeed a prominent freedom fighter. He was a lawyer and a key figure in the Indian independence movement, though he followed a more constitutional approach compared to his brother's militant stance. Sarad Chandra Bose was part of the Congress Party and served as a member of the Congress Working Committee.

Indira Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, was assassinated on October 31, 1984, by her bodyguards. This event marked a tragic moment in Indian political history.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. Porbandar is a coastal city that houses Gandhi's birthplace, now known as Kirti Mandir.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak famously declared 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it' in 1908, becoming one of the most powerful slogans of the Indian independence movement. Tilak was among the first nationalist leaders to advocate for complete independence (Swaraj) rather than mere reforms. He was known as 'Lokmanya' (beloved of the people) and was a prominent leader of the extremist faction in the Congress.

The elections to the Constituent Assembly were indeed held in July 1946. These elections were conducted by the British colonial government to form the body that would draft India's constitution. The provincial assemblies elected the members through indirect voting.

The Constituent Assembly adopted 'Jana Gana Mana' as the national anthem on 24 January 1950. It was officially sung for the first time on 26 January 1950 when India became a Republic. The adoption preceded the Republic Day by two days.

Lala Lajpat Rai was assaulted by British police under Superintendent James A. Scott during a protest against the Simon Commission in 1928. The lathi blow led to his death weeks later, making him a martyr in India's independence movement.

'Delhi Chalo' was the slogan of the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) led by Subhas Chandra Bose. The slogan was given in 1943 as a call to march towards Delhi to liberate India from British rule. It became a rallying cry for the independence movement.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was considered Mahatma Gandhi's political guru and mentor. Gandhi acknowledged Gokhale's profound influence on his political thought and approach, particularly in matters of constitutional agitation and parliamentary methods. Gokhale was a moderate leader who believed in working within the system to achieve reforms.

The J&K Resettlement Bill was controversial legislation that dealt with both resettlement of Kashmiri Pandits who had migrated from the state and acquisition of property belonging to non-residents. Option (2) refers to Kashmiris from other parts of India, while option (3) refers to the property acquisition provision. The bill addressed both these aspects.

Internal disturbance alone is NOT adequate for national emergency proclamation. After the 44th Amendment (1978), only three grounds remain: war (Article 352), external aggression, and armed rebellion. The term 'internal disturbance' was removed to prevent misuse of emergency powers for political purposes.

The Hartog Committee (1929) investigated the growth of education in British India. The name in option B appears to be 'Hurtog' which is likely a misspelling of 'Hartog'. Options A, C, and D are incorrect - Butler Committee dealt with princely states, Muddiman Committee with constitutional reforms, and Hunter Commission was earlier (1882).

The Muddiman Committee (1924) was formed to review the working of the diarchal system established by the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919. The committee examined whether the reforms were working as intended in Indian provinces.

Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak famously declared 'Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it' in 1916, becoming a powerful slogan for India's independence movement. Option C is correct. Nehru was a contemporary leader, Martin Luther King fought for civil rights in America, and Abraham Lincoln was US President.