Modern Indian History

Subash Chandra Bose had formed his own army called Indian National Army(INA) to take on the British. He conquered parts of Nepal and Burma and then coined the above slogan to motivate his soldiers to attack Delhi and defeat the British.

The capital of British India was officially transferred from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 during the reign of King George V, announced at the Delhi Durbar. This was partly done to address Bengal partition grievances and position Delhi as the symbolic center of Indian civilization. Other options (1909, 1910, 1913) are incorrect.

26 January 1930 was when the Indian National Congress first declared Independence (Purna Swaraj). The Constitution makers chose this date to honor that historic declaration, making the inauguration day symbolic of India's freedom journey rather than just a random or auspicious selection.

India's first general elections were held from October 1951 to February 1952. This was after the Constitution came into effect (January 1950) and the Election Commission was established. The elections were mammoth exercises in democratic participation, setting the foundation for parliamentary democracy.

The Constituent Assembly of India worked from December 1946 (first session) to November 1949 (Constitution adopted). It continued as provisional parliament until January 1950. The option '1947-1949' correctly captures the main drafting period after independence was declared.

The Constituent Assembly appointed an ad-hoc committee on June 23, 1947, to design the National Flag. This committee included leaders like Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Azad, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, K.M. Munshi, and B.R. Ambedkar. They recommended the tricolor flag with the Ashoka Chakra.

First Lok Sabha sat from April 1952 to April 1957, a 5-year term as mandated by the Constitution. Option C correctly captures this full term. Option A is too short, B has wrong start year.

The Muslim League formally passed the Lahore Resolution on March 23, 1940, demanding independent states for Muslims in northwestern and eastern India. This is considered the first official demand for partition. The 1906 date marks the League's founding, while 1946 was when Cabinet Mission attempted to prevent partition.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the great Bengali reformer and educator, started the newspaper 'Shome Prakash' in 1858. The paper was instrumental in spreading social reform ideas. Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj, Raja Rammohan Roy started publications like Sambad Kaumudi, and Surendranath Banerjee founded The Bengalee.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the prominent Indian nationalist leader, founded and edited two newspapers: Kesari (in Marathi) and Maratha (in English). Both publications were vehicles for his nationalist ideas and criticism of British colonial rule. The Hindu was founded in Madras, Bombay Times was later renamed The Times of India, and Indian Gazette was not associated with Tilak.

The Indian Broadcasting Service (IBS), established in 1930, was renamed as All India Radio (AIR) in 1936 when it came under the Department of Communications. AIR became the national public service broadcaster of India. Akashvani is its later name adopted after independence.

Gopal Hari Deshmukh was a prominent social reformer in Maharashtra who wrote under the pen name 'Lokahitwadi' (meaning 'well-wisher of the people'). He advocated for women's rights, education, and social justice through his writings in the weekly Prabhakar during the 19th century.

The Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) was formed in 1943 under Subhas Chandra Bose's leadership with Japanese support. It fought against British forces in World War II.