Modern Indian History

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was launched by Mahatma Gandhi as the first nationwide mass movement against British rule. It involved boycott of British goods, schools, courts, and titles. Nehru and Das were supporters but not the leaders. Dadabhai Naoroji was an earlier leader of the moderate phase. The movement was suspended after the Chauri Chaura violence in 1922.

Mahatma Gandhi gave the historic "Do or Die" slogan during the Quit India Movement speech on August 8, 1942, at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee. This slogan captured the urgency of complete independence from British rule. Nehru and Patel were key Congress leaders but did not originate this slogan. It became the rallying cry for the final phase of the freedom struggle.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to reform Hinduism and promote Vedic principles. The organization opposed idol worship, caste discrimination, and child marriage while advocating for women's education and equality.

Dadabhai Naoroji formulated the 'Drain Theory' in his book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901). He explained how Britain was systematically draining India's wealth through unfair trade policies, heavy taxation, and the remittance of British officials' salaries to England.

Bhagat Singh popularized the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution) during the freedom movement. He and Batukeshwar Dutt shouted it after throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. It became the rallying cry of India's socialist revolutionaries.

Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 in honor of his guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa. The organization is dedicated to social service, spiritual education, and promoting Vedanta philosophy. It has centers worldwide and continues humanitarian work.

In this period only, it was negative. Hence, it is the correct option.

The case of Mohammed Hanif Qureshi vs State of Bihar deals with ban on slaughtering of cows during Eid.

Mahatma Gandhi explicitly stated 'Truth and Non-Violence are my Gods,' reflecting his core philosophical principles. Nehru emphasized scientific temper and socialism, while Vivekananda focused on Vedanta philosophy. This quote uniquely represents Gandhi's satyagraha doctrine.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was established in 1961 by five founding leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt, misspelled as 'Nassir' in the option), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), and Sukarno (Indonesia). The option correctly identifies three of the key founders. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948 before NAM was formed, and the other names are unrelated.

Correct option is (1). 

The first official broadcasting in India occurred on 3 June 1947 to announce the partition of India. This historic broadcast informed the public about the momentous decision to divide the country. Option B refers to a later broadcast by Gandhi, while C relates to music programming.

Louis Fischer, an American journalist, wrote 'A Week with Gandhi.' He spent time with Gandhi and this book is his account of that experience. Fischer is known for his biographical works on Gandhi including 'The Life of Mahatma Gandhi.'

'Vande Mataram' was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in his 1882 novel 'Anandamath'. It became a rallying song during India's independence movement and was later adopted as India's National Song (not National Anthem).

Engineer's Day in India is celebrated on September 15, which marks the birth anniversary of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, a renowned Indian engineer and statesman. Sir Arthur Cotton was a British irrigation engineer, Sri Ramanujam was a mathematician, and Sir C.V. Raman was a physicist.