Modern Indian History

Wood's Despatch of 1854 was a landmark document that laid the foundation for India's modern education system. While it eventually led to university establishment, its primary and most immediate outcome was creating a structured educational system with universities, colleges, and schools. Option B captures this broader impact.

Devaluation of Indian currency (the rupee was devalued by 35.5% in June 1966)

Acharya Vinoba Bhave (the movement was an attempt to redistribute the land among the landless)

Dr. Atmaram Pandurang (aim was the reformation of the Hindu religious thoughts and practices)

Option (1) is correct.

Option (1) is correct.

Option (2) is correct.

The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935, which is nearly 12 years before India's first independence day on August 15, 1947. Therefore, the statement that RBI was established on the first independence day is factually incorrect. RBI was established during British colonial rule as India's central bank.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875, which later became Aligarh Muslim University. Md. Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali, and Saukat Ali were later leaders of the Muslim League but not founders of this college.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad wrote 'India Wins Freedom', which is his autobiography and political memoir published posthumously in 1959. The book covers his perspectives on India's freedom movement and partition. Azad was a prominent freedom fighter, scholar, and India's first Minister of Education. The other options were important figures but not authors of this specific work.

Unto This Last is an essay by John Ruskin that deeply influenced Gandhis economic philosophy, particularly his ideas on sarvodaya (welfare of all). Ruskin Bond is a different writer - a contemporary Indian author.

Gandhiji promoted Khadi as a symbol of economic independence and self-reliance (swadeshi). Spinning khadi meant boycotting British textiles and creating rural employment. It represented freedom from foreign economic dependence, not just moral purity or industrial growth in the Western sense.

Mahatma Gandhi assumed leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, transforming it into a mass movement for Indian independence through non-violent civil disobedience.

India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, following the Indian Independence Act passed by the UK Parliament. This marked the end of nearly 200 years of colonial rule. 1946 (A) was too early, while 1948 (D) and 1961 (E) are incorrect years.