Microbes and Plant Diseases

Gallionella ferruginea is an iron-oxidising chemolithotrophic bacterium. It oxidises Fe++ as a source of energy for lithoautotrophic growth.

Gray mold of pepper is caused by Botrytis cinerea. White mold of pepper is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Dieback disease in citrus trees is a physiological disorder primarily caused by a deficiency of copper in the soil, which affects the tree's growth and health.

SO₂ is poisonous and irritates the respiratory system of animals and humans. A continuous exposure to concentration of 0.2 ppm lasting for 3-4 days or even 0.5 ppm for full day has been reported to damage the lungs and increase the rate of mortality. In plants and grasses, SO₂ also produces leaf injuries, called necrotic blotching. Sulphur dioxide damages barley, alfalfa, cotton and wheat.

Albugo candida is the fungal pathogen responsible for the disease known as 'White rust of crucifers'.

Amanita is a genus of mushrooms that contains many highly poisonous species, such as the Death Cap.

 Lichens are an intimate symbiosis, in which two species live together as a type of composite organism. Lichens are an obligate mutualism between a fungus mycobiont and an alga or blue-green bacterium phycobiont.

Rust disease in wheat is caused by fungi of the genus Puccinia, which appear as orange or brown pustules on the leaves and stems.

This option is correct. CidA/LrgA holin regulates and influences biofilm formation by releasing DNA from lysed cells.

Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the alga provides food through photosynthesis.

Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) is responsible for the disease of leaf roll in potato and Papaya leaf curl virus is responsible for disease of leaf curl of papaya.

Yes, this is correct. 

Cuscuta is a genus of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants.

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi, commonly known as psilocybin mushrooms.

Epichloë resides in only grasses. It colonises the shoot portion of grasses. It provides several benefits to the host, including the production of different herbivore-deterring alkaloids, increased stress resistance and growth promotion.