Microbes and Plant Diseases

Moulds are saprophytic fungi that grow on a wide variety of organic substrates, including bread, fruit, and leather. They play a major role in decomposition but also cause food spoilage. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are bacteria, not fungi.

In fungi like Mucor and Rhizopus, the columella is a sterile, dome-shaped structure found at the tip of the sporangiophore. It projects into the sporangium and serves as a support for the developing spores. The sporangium itself is the sac that contains the spores.

Aflatoxin is a substance that causes food poisoning, and histamine is a substance that triggers an allergic reaction. The relationship is 'causative agent : condition'.

The giant puff ball Clavatia contains an anti-cancer substance called calvacin. Eating of these fungus prevents stomach tumors.

Early blight of potato is caused by Alternaria solani. Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans.

Plasmodiophorids are the parasitic protists which belong to the super group Rhizaria. 

Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of dinoflagellates. It is the agent for ciguatera. It produces maitotoxin.

Hortaea werneckii causes tinea nigra. Its symptoms appear on the palms and soles as a black painless spot.

Solanum acaule is a wild potato species known to carry resistance genes against various potato viruses, including potato virus X.

Fungus is responsible for rust disease in wheat.

Pea is a leguminous plant. Rhizobium is found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.

Anopheles is a mosquito. The rest of them are microorganisms.

Mycena asterina is a species of agaric fungus. It grows singly or scattered on fallen leaves in Atlantic forests. The fruit bodies of the fungus are bioluminescent.