Microbes and Plant Diseases

A Chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex found in green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and some green filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP) (Chloroflexaceae, Oscillochloridaceae). They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments.

Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria that naturally occur in milk and produce lactic acid, which inhibits the growth of harmful pathogenic bacteria. Mycobacterium causes tuberculosis, pox bacilli cause smallpox, and Candida Albicans is a yeast fungus.

Yes, it is the correct answer. It is used to remove clots from the blood vessels of patients.

Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 is used as an active ingredient in agricultural fungicides. Growth of the bacterium on plant roots prevents Rhizoctonia and Fusarium spores from germinating.

Baculoviruses are a group of pathogenic viruses that attack insects and arthropods. 

Fungi lack chlorophyll, the pigment essential for photosynthesis. This is why they cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis like plants and must obtain nutrients from external sources as heterotrophs. Presence of a clear nucleus and pigments (other than chlorophyll) are not the limiting factors.

Endothrix refers to dermatophyte infections of the hair that invade the hair shaft and internalize into the hair cell. This is in contrast to exothrix (ectothrix), where a dermatophyte infection remains confined to the hair surface.

Fungemia is the presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood. It is most commonly caused by Candida species but can be caused by other fungi as well, including Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients with severe neutropenia, oncology patients, or in patients with intravenous catheters.

Myringomycosis is a fungal infection of the tympanic membrane. It is caused by the presence of the fungus aspergillus nigricans or flavescens.

Sporotrichosis is a disease caused by the infection of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. This fungal disease usually affects the skin, although other rare forms can affect the lungs, joints, bones, and even the brain.

Xerochasy is dehiscence that occurs upon drying.

Galls or cecidia are outgrowths on the surface of lifeforms caused by invasion by other lifeforms, such as parasites or bacterial infection. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues and can be caused by various parasites, from fungi and bacteria to insects and mites.

Jock itch of the groin, caused by tinea cruris, is a fungal infection that affects the skin of genitals, inner thighs and buttocks. Jock itch causes an itchy, red and often ring-shaped rash in these warm and moist areas of the body.

Bakanae disease (also called 'foolish seedling disease') is a rice disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus that produces gibberellic acid, causing abnormal elongation of rice seedlings. Penicillium notatum produces penicillin, Aspergillus oryzae is used in fermentation, and Rhizopus stolonifer causes bread mold.

Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Agaricus are all fungi (kingdom Fungi), while Paramecium is a unicellular protist (kingdom Protista). The odd one out is Paramecium because it belongs to a different kingdom and is a protozoan, not a fungus.