Mental Health and Disorders

Negativism is a behavioral disturbance characterized by resistance or opposition to instructions or attempts to be moved. The person may do the opposite of what is requested or maintain a posture despite efforts to move them, representing a disturbance of voluntary activity.

Hypochondriasis (now called illness anxiety disorder) is a somatoform disorder characterized by preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness. Patients misinterpret normal bodily sensations or minor symptoms as signs of severe disease despite medical reassurance.

Somnambulism is the medical term for sleepwalking - a sleep disorder where individuals walk or perform other complex behaviors while in a sleep state. It occurs during deep sleep stages and the individual typically has no memory of the episode.

Frigidity refers to partial or complete lack of sexual enjoyment or satisfaction in females. Vaginismus involves involuntary muscle spasms making intercourse painful, not lack of enjoyment. Promiscuity is behavioral pattern not a physiological disorder. Impotence is a male sexual disorder involving inability to achieve or maintain erection.

Pica is classified as an eating disorder characterized by persistent craving and consumption of non-food items like dirt, chalk, ice, or paper. It is not a sexual disorder (involves sexual behavior), emotional disorder (mood-related), or social-affective disorder (relating to social interactions and emotions).

Exhibitionism is defined as compulsive exposure of genitals in public, typically by males, for sexual arousal. Promiscuity involves multiple sexual partners. Scopophilia is obtaining pleasure from looking at erotic scenes. Voyeurism involves secretly observing others for sexual pleasure.

Transsexualism involves strong identification with opposite gender and distress with one's biological sex, classified as gender identity disorder. It is not an eating disorder, elementary disorder is not a standard psychiatric classification, and childhood schizophrenia involves psychosis in children.

All listed conditions represent psychiatric emergencies. Suicide risk requires immediate intervention to prevent death. Underactive patients may be catatonic or severely depressed requiring urgent care. Overactive patients may be manic, psychotic, or violent posing danger to self or others.

Akathisia is an extrapyramidal symptom characterized by inner restlessness and inability to sit still, commonly caused by antipsychotic medications. Affective disorders involve mood disturbances like depression or mania. Binge eating is an eating disorder symptom. Crisis is a general term for acute situation, not specific to extrapyramidal symptoms.

'...children living with both parents in a nuclear family set up had the lowest score of all the psychosomatic problems scale' suggests the answer.

Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs. Moving the affected body part modulates the sensations, providing temporary relief.

Algophobia is the abnormal and persistent fear of pain, derived from 'algo' (pain) and 'phobia' (fear). Aerophobia is fear of flying, monophobia is fear of being alone, and ochlophobia is fear of crowds. The prefix 'algo-' specifically refers to pain in medical terminology.

Catatonia is a mental disorder. It is a state of neurogenic motor immobility and behavioral abnormality that is manifested by stupor.