Medieval and Islamic History

Ahmadnagar was founded by Malik Ahmad of Nizam Shahi dynasty in 1490. It was annexed by Shahjahan in 1633 into the Mughal Empire.

Bhakta Tukaram (1608-1650) was a Marathi Bhakti poet and a devotee of Lord Krishna. Time period of Jahangir was 1605-1627.

William Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir and received a 'farman' which allowed East India Company to set up their first factory at Surat in 1613.

Humayun was Akbar's father. Akbar succeeded Humayun as the third Mughal emperor. The other options are other Mughal rulers but not Akbar's father.

Mahmud of Ghazni (Mahmud Ghaznavi) invaded and destroyed the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat in 1024 AD. He conducted multiple raids into India, and the destruction of Somnath was one of his most infamous campaigns, aimed at plundering its legendary wealth and demonstrating Islamic power.

Bahlol Lodhi (also spelled Bahlul Lodi) was the founder of the Lodhi dynasty in India. He established the dynasty in 1451 AD after capturing Delhi, becoming the first Afghan ruler to sit on the throne of Delhi. The Lodhi dynasty ruled for 76 years until 1526 when it was defeated by Babur.

Tipu Sultan was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. He was known as the 'Tiger of Mysore' and fought against British expansion. He ruled from 1782 until his death in 1799 during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at Srirangapatnam.

Humayun was Akbar's father and the second Mughal emperor. Babar was Akbar's grandfather, while Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb came later in the Mughal lineage.

Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) took the title 'Sikander-i-Sani' (The Second Alexander) to project himself as a world conqueror like Alexander the Great. He adopted this title after his successful military campaigns and conquests in the Deccan. 'Baldan' is unclear, Muhammad bin Tughlaq had different titles, and Sikander Lodi came much later.

Amir Khushrau was the court poet of Alauddin Khilji.

Hazrat Muhammad, the prophet, was born in the 570 AD.

The Khalji Sultans of Delhi were the Turks.

The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, establishing a fixed land revenue system. This system was a major land reform that affected agricultural taxation. The other dates are incorrect - 1666 is too early and 1853, 1831 are too late for this policy.

Nadir Shah, the Persian ruler, invaded India in 1739 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah (also known as Rangeela). This invasion led to the brutal massacre in Delhi and the loss of the Peacock Throne. The other options are incorrect as Bahadur Shah and Shah Alam ruled at different periods.

The Baburnama (autobiography of Mughal emperor Babar) was written in Turki (Chagatai Turkish), which was Babar's native language. It is considered one of the finest autobiographies in Islamic literature. It was later translated into Persian during Akbar's reign.