Medieval and Islamic History

Genghis Khan reached the Indus River in 1221 during the reign of Iltutmish, but he did not invade India proper.

Sijda and Paibos were court etiquettes introduced by Ghiyas ud din Balban, not by the options listed.

Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra in 1504 and shifted his capital there from Delhi.

Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 after his victory at the First Battle of Panipat.

The word 'mogul' is derived from the Mughal Empire, which ruled much of India. It has come to mean a powerful or influential person in business.

Tamerlane (Timur) was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in the 14th century. He is celebrated as a national hero in modern Uzbekistan.

The Aryans are historically credited with introducing the Vedic religion (the precursor to Hinduism) and the Sanskrit language to the Indian subcontinent.

Akbar the Great is famous for his policy of religious tolerance, which included the repeal of the jizya (poll tax) on non-Muslims.

The Battle of Haldighati was fought between the Mughal Empire (under Akbar) and the forces of Maharana Pratap of Mewar. It did not end the Delhi Sultanate, which had already been replaced by the Mughal Empire.

The Sayyid dynasty ruled for a relatively short period (1414-1451) compared to other dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.

While Qutb ud din Aibak founded the Slave dynasty, Iltutmish is often considered the 'real' founder because he consolidated the empire, established the capital at Delhi, and secured the throne.

Allauddin Khalji was the most powerful and expansionist ruler of the Khalji dynasty, known for his administrative reforms and military conquests. Jalaluddin Khalji was the founder but did not reach the same level of imperial power.

Razia Sultan (or Razia al-Din) was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240.

Qutb ud-din Aibak was a Turkic slave of Muhammad Ghori and served as his general before establishing the Slave Dynasty in Delhi.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (also known as Ghazi Malik) founded the Tughlaq dynasty in 1320 after ending the rule of the Khilji dynasty.