Commerce Accountancy

Management and Organizational Behavior

2,437 Questions

Management and organizational behavior explore how individuals and groups interact within an organization. This hub covers motivation theories, leadership styles, and delegation. These topics are essential for commerce students and competitive exam aspirants.

Work motivation theoriesLeadership stylesDelegation of authorityOrganizational structure typesPerformance appraisal aimsGroup dynamics and social loafing

Management and Organizational Behavior Questions

Multiple choice

Which is level of organization is the HIGHEST?

  1. tissue

  2. an organ

  3. an organism

  4. an organ system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The organism is the highest level of biological organization, comprising all lower levels (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems). Organ systems work together within an organism. The progression from lowest to highest is cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

Span of management refers to

  1. Number of managers

  2. Length of term for which a manager is appointed

  3. Number of subordinates under a superior

  4. Number of members in top management
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 The Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of management.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrow span of control?

  1. There is less opportunity to delegate

  2. This form of span of control creates a smaller hierarchy within the business

  3. Supervision and control are tighter

  4. The distance between the top and bottom of the organisation is greater
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a tall organisational structure which has a narrow span of control, it is not possible to have an effective supervision and control. Communication takes longer than usual which hampers decision making of the company. 

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

Miscellaneous
If a manager supervises large number of subordinate then it is known as -

  1. Wider span of control/Flat organization

  2. Narrow span/ Tall organization

  3. Efficient span/ efficient organization

  4. Good span/ good organization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The span of management is related to the horizontal levels of the organization structure. It is of two types- wide and narrow. With the wider span, there will be less hierarchical levels and hence flat.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

Identify the factor of span of control which suggests that efficient and well-trained subordinates create lesser demand on the superior's time and capacity.

  1. Capacity of superior

  2. Clarity of plans

  3. Location of operations

  4. Ability of subordinates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ability of subordinates are his leadership, administrative capabilities, ability to communicate, to judge, listening, to guide and inspire, etc. Hence, efficient and well-trained subordinates create lesser demand on the superior's time and capacity.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

____________ is a diagnostc instrument for identifying organisational weaknesses.

  1. Decentralisation

  2. Span of management

  3. Monitoring

  4. Planning
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by their superiors. Simply, managers having a group of subordinates who report to him directly is called as the span of management. It helps to identify the organisational drawbacks and tries to mend them with corrective measures.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

In a simple way, 'span of control' can be meant as the number of subordinates that report directly to one manager.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Span of control is a term originating in military organization theory, but now used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a given manager or supervisor.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

______ span of management control creates ______ structures that has many levels of management.

  1. Narrow; flat

  2. Wide; flat

  3. Wide; tall

  4. Narrow; tall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The manager having group of subordinates reporting to him directly is called as the span of management. There are two kinds: Wide and Narrow. With the wider span, there will be less hierarchical levels, and thus, the organizational structure would be flatter. Whereas, with the narrow span, the hierarchical levels increases, hence the organizational structure would be tall.
Multiple choice commerce management by objectives (mbo) and management by exception (mbe) meaning and definition of mbo meaning and definition of mbe controlling

______ refers to the establishment of a relationship between the persons of the same status.

  1. External co-ordination

  2. Horizontal co-ordination

  3. Vertical co-ordination

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Horizontal coordination refers to the establishment of a relationship between the persons of the same status. Horizontal coordination can be defined as a process of synchronization between the two or more persons working at the same level of authority. Generally different departmental heads discuss the policy of their department with each other in order to facilitate coordination in the organization.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a primary area of focus in Industrial and Organizational Psychology?

  1. Employee Motivation

  2. Organizational Structure

  3. Clinical Psychology

  4. Job Satisfaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Clinical Psychology is not a primary area of focus in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, which primarily deals with workplace-related issues.

Multiple choice

Which theory suggests that employees are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to higher-level needs for self-actualization?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Expectancy Theory

  4. Equity Theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing to higher-level needs for self-actualization.

Multiple choice

According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factors are associated with job satisfaction?

  1. Hygiene Factors

  2. Motivational Factors

  3. Extrinsic Factors

  4. Intrinsic Factors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory proposes that job satisfaction is influenced by Motivational Factors (e.g., challenging work, recognition) and Hygiene Factors (e.g., salary, working conditions).

Multiple choice

Which theory proposes that employees are motivated by their expectations about the relationship between their effort, performance, and outcomes?

  1. Expectancy Theory

  2. Equity Theory

  3. Goal-Setting Theory

  4. Reinforcement Theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Expectancy Theory suggests that employees are motivated by their expectations about the relationship between their effort, performance, and outcomes (e.g., rewards, recognition).

Multiple choice

What is the term for the perception of fairness in the distribution of rewards and resources within an organization?

  1. Organizational Justice

  2. Distributive Justice

  3. Procedural Justice

  4. Interactional Justice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Organizational Justice encompasses the perception of fairness in the distribution of rewards and resources within an organization, including Distributive Justice (fairness in outcomes), Procedural Justice (fairness in processes), and Interactional Justice (fairness in interpersonal treatment).

Multiple choice

Which leadership style is characterized by a focus on providing clear direction, setting high standards, and closely monitoring performance?

  1. Autocratic Leadership

  2. Democratic Leadership

  3. Laissez-Faire Leadership

  4. Transactional Leadership
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Autocratic Leadership is characterized by a strong focus on control, where the leader makes decisions without consulting others and closely monitors performance.