Reasoning

Logic and Fallacies

1,716 Questions

Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, logical inference rules, and paradoxes. This set includes identifying logical fallacies, including those found in classical Nyaya logic. Strong grasp of these concepts is crucial for scoring well in the reasoning sections of competitive tests.

Propositional logic modelsLogical inference rulesTypes of logical fallaciesParadoxes and contingent truthsNyaya logic concepts

Logic and Fallacies Questions

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc

  4. Begging the question
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ad hominem is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is rejected based on the personal characteristics or beliefs of the person making the argument rather than on the merits of the argument itself.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that involves creating a distorted or exaggerated version of an opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc

  4. Begging the question
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Straw man is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is misrepresented or distorted in order to make it easier to attack, rather than addressing the actual argument being made.

Multiple choice

In Indian logic, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from the misuse of language?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hetvabhasa is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from the misuse of language. It occurs when a reason or argument is invalid due to linguistic errors or ambiguities.

Multiple choice

In Indian thought, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty connection between a reason and its conclusion?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vyaptigraha is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty connection between a reason and its conclusion. It occurs when a reason is not universally applicable or does not necessarily lead to the conclusion.

Multiple choice

In Indian logic, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty middle term in a syllogism?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sadhyabhasa is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty middle term in a syllogism. It occurs when the middle term is not properly related to both the major and minor terms, leading to an invalid argument.

Multiple choice

In Indian thought, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty generalization?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dharmakanda is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty generalization. It occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.

Multiple choice

In Indian logic, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty analogy?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Upamanadosha is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty analogy. It occurs when an analogy is used to support an argument, but the analogy is not relevant or appropriate.

Multiple choice

In Indian thought, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty causal relationship?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hetvabhasa is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty causal relationship. It occurs when a reason or argument is based on an invalid or incorrect causal connection.

Multiple choice

In Indian logic, what is the term for a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty definition?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Dharmakanda

  4. Vyaptigraha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vyaptigraha is a term used in Indian logic to refer to a logical fallacy that arises from a faulty definition. It occurs when a definition is too broad or too narrow, leading to an invalid argument.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is not supported by evidence?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Begging the question is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is not supported by evidence. It is also known as circular reasoning or petitio principii.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is true in some cases but not in others?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

False dichotomy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is true in some cases but not in others. It is also known as the fallacy of the excluded middle.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on personal opinion or belief?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ad hominem is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on personal opinion or belief. It is also known as the argument from the person.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false analogy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

False analogy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false analogy. It is also known as the argument from analogy.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a hasty generalization?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Hasty generalization is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a hasty generalization. It is also known as the fallacy of insufficient evidence.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a circular argument?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Begging the question is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a circular argument. It is also known as circular reasoning or petitio principii.