Reasoning

Logic and Fallacies

1,803 Questions

Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, logical inference rules, and paradoxes. This set includes identifying logical fallacies, including those found in classical Nyaya logic. Strong grasp of these concepts is crucial for scoring well in the reasoning sections of competitive tests.

Propositional logic modelsLogical inference rulesTypes of logical fallaciesParadoxes and contingent truthsNyaya logic concepts

Logic and Fallacies Questions

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is not supported by evidence?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Begging the question is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is not supported by evidence. It is also known as circular reasoning or petitio principii.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is true in some cases but not in others?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

False dichotomy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is true in some cases but not in others. It is also known as the fallacy of the excluded middle.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on personal opinion or belief?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ad hominem is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on personal opinion or belief. It is also known as the argument from the person.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false analogy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

False analogy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false analogy. It is also known as the argument from analogy.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a hasty generalization?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Hasty generalization is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a hasty generalization. It is also known as the fallacy of insufficient evidence.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a circular argument?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Begging the question is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a circular argument. It is also known as circular reasoning or petitio principii.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false dilemma?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Begging the question

  3. False dichotomy

  4. Straw man
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

False dichotomy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise that is based on a false dilemma. It is also known as the fallacy of the excluded middle.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a mathematical method?

  1. Induction

  2. Deduction

  3. Analogy

  4. Experimentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Experimentation is a scientific method, not a mathematical method.

Multiple choice

What is the process of reasoning from a general statement to a specific conclusion called?

  1. Induction

  2. Deduction

  3. Analogy

  4. Syllogism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Deduction is the process of reasoning from a general statement to a specific conclusion.

Multiple choice

What is the process of reasoning from a specific example to a general conclusion called?

  1. Induction

  2. Deduction

  3. Analogy

  4. Syllogism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Induction is the process of reasoning from a specific example to a general conclusion.

Multiple choice

What is the process of reasoning from one specific example to another specific example called?

  1. Induction

  2. Deduction

  3. Analogy

  4. Syllogism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Analogy is the process of reasoning from one specific example to another specific example.

Multiple choice

What is a logical argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion called?

  1. Induction

  2. Deduction

  3. Analogy

  4. Syllogism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A syllogism is a logical argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a necessary truth?

  1. The sun rises in the east.

  2. All bachelors are unmarried.

  3. The sky is blue.

  4. The grass is green.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A necessary truth is a statement that is true in all possible worlds. The statement 'All bachelors are unmarried' is true in all possible worlds because it is a tautology, meaning that it is true by definition.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a contingent truth?

  1. The sun rises in the east.

  2. All bachelors are unmarried.

  3. The sky is blue.

  4. The grass is green.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A contingent truth is a statement that is true in some possible worlds but not in others. The statement 'The sky is blue' is true in some possible worlds (e.g., our world) but not in others (e.g., a world where the sky is red).

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a necessary truth?

  1. 2 + 2 = 4

  2. The Earth is round.

  3. The sun is a star.

  4. Humans are mortal.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The statement '2 + 2 = 4' is a necessary truth because it is true in all possible worlds. This is because the concept of addition is defined in such a way that 2 + 2 will always equal 4.