Diversity in Living Organisms

Hadopelagic zone extends from 6,000 meters (19,686 feet) to the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean. Invertebrates such as starfish, jellyfish, viperfish, tube worms and sea cucumbers thrive at these depths.

Correct answer. Small / micro bats use echo-location for their food, prey and survival. Flying mammals belong to order Chiroptera, where forelimbs are modified into wings to help them fly. Flying mammals mainly include bats belonging to two sub-orders-frugivorous, large bats (Pteropus, Cynopterus) are placed in sub-order Megachiroptera while Microchiroptera include insectivorous little bats (Myotis, Rhinolophus, Vespertilio and Desmodus). The microbats use echo-location to detect their surroundings, prey, path etc.

Correct. Ctenophorans use ciliary comb plates for locomotion. Ctenophora is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the "e;e;combs"e;e;, groups of cilia they use for swimming, and they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.

Correct answer. Both are freshwater sponges. Phylum porifera consists of mainly marine animals living in deep seas but few species are also found in freshwaters e.g. spongilla. Marine animals/sponges belong to classes Calcarea and Hexactinellida while fresh water sponges are placed in class Demospongiae.

Correct answer. All of these are classes of phylum Porifera. Calcarea, Hexactinellida and Demospongiae are classes of phylum Porifera. Cnidaria is a separate phylum, Turbellaria is a class of phylum Platyhelminthes while Hirudinaria is Indian common leech.

Correct answer. It has a body temperature ranging from 77 - 98.6 degrees and this keeps changing with seasons. Warm-blooded creatures, like mammals and birds, try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. They do this by generating their own heat when they are in a cooler environment, and by cooling themselves when they are in a hotter environment but keep body temperature fixed or same throughout the year e.g. 37 degrees celsius in humans. However, Echidnas maintain a range of body temperatures which usually lies between 77 and 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit and have difficulty cooling down.There are some mammals who are not able to tolerate extreme conditions so they show different adaptations e.g. hibernation, to adjust in such conditions without compromising on their thermoregulation.

Correct answer. Doliolum, Pyrosoma and Amphioxus all are chordates. Chordates are the animals, which possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life. The phylum chordataU includes the subphyla Vertebrata, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds; Urochordata/ Tunicata, (including Herdmania- sea squirts, Doliolum, Pyrosoma)and Cephalochordata, comprising the lancelets(Branchiostoma). The phylum Hemichordata including the acorn worms was earlier considered fourth chordate subphylum, but it now is usually treated as a separate phylum. It, along with the phylum Echinodermata, including starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers are nearest relatives of chordates.

Correct answer. Peripatus belongs to Onychophora Peripatus is an (onychophore) invertebrate, which looks like a caterpillar. However, on closer examination the external appearance is more like an annelid (earth) worm. In fact, it is also called a 'velvet worm'. The head is continuous with the body. The eyes probably distinguish only light and dark. The outer cuticle is thin and flexible, with no external segmentation (divisions). Peripatus is commonly called velvet worm.Velvet worms share a number of characteristics with both phylum Annelida (segmented worms) and phylum Arthropoda. Some authors place onychophorans in a subphylum within the phylum Arthropoda, but others regard the Onychophora as a separate phylum.

The defining difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes possess a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope that houses their DNA, while prokaryotes lack this membrane-bound structure and have their DNA free in the nucleoid region. Viruses are not cellular and lack any internal organelles or cellular organization altogether. Therefore, only eukaryotes contain a nucleus.

The Kingdom Monera, as defined in the five-kingdom classification system, includes all prokaryotic organisms - primarily bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae). These organisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Viruses are not included in any kingdom as they are non-living, protists are eukaryotic organisms in a separate kingdom, and yeast are fungi. Therefore, only bacteria correctly belong to Monera.

Camels are well adapted to the heat of a desert. Their bodies are adapted variably to fit well over there. Deserts have scarcity of water. So to conserve water, camels have long legs to stay away from the heat of the sun. They do not sweat much. They excrete less urine and almost dry dung. Thus, all these characteristics of camels help in conserving water.

Respiration, reproduction and excretion are characteristics of living organisms.

Deer is a plant-eating animal living in the grasslands. It has long ears to protect itself from its predators. For the same reason, it has legs well-suited to run fast. It has side eyes to see that its predator. Strong teeth cannot help the deer to escape predators.

All the given features help a lion to hunt its prey.

Balanoglossus is an ocean dwelling acorn worm.