Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare biofertilizers microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers manuring

Which one of the followings is not the characteristic feature of cyanobacteria?

  1. They are always multicellular.

  2. They form colonies.

  3. They form blooms in polluted water bodies.

  4. They can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cyanobacteria are unicellular prokaryotes that photosynthesise. They form huge colonies that appear as algal bloom in polluted waters. They can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere by means of specialised structures called as heterocysts.

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True nucleus and mitochondria are absent in

  1. Cyanophyceae

  2. Chlorophyceae

  3. Myxomycetes

  4. Azolla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms. They lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, golgi apparatus. They also lack true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid or incipient nucleus. Nucleoid is an undifferetiated, unorganised, fibrillar nucleus without any limiting membrane. They have ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Examples include bacteria, Cyanophyceae. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cyanophyceae.'

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Blue green algae are

  1. Actinomycetes

  2. Eukaryotes

  3. Prokaryotes

  4. Acellular
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, golgi complex. They lack true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid, genetic material without nuclear envelope. The examples of prokaryotes include bacteria, Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae). Blue green algae are photosynthetic bacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Prokaryotes.'

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The monerans with heterocysts and oxygenic photosynthesis are

  1. Eubacteria

  2. Thermophilic bacteria

  3. Cyanobacteria

  4. None of them
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cyanobacteria or the blue-green bacteria represent a group of photosynthetic, mostly photolysis-mediated oxygen-evolving monerans (prokaryotes). These are the only organisms able to perform oxygenic photosynthesis that can also fix nitrogen. So, the correct option is 'Cyanobacteria'.

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Which of the following is the only group of organisms capable of using inorganic compounds as source of energy?

  1. Eukaryotes

  2. Prokaryotes

  3. Virus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of their energy source, organisms are classified as organotrophic and lithotrophs. Most prokaryotes and all non-phototrophic eukaryotes use organic compounds as their energy source and thus, are referred to as organotrophs. They oxidise organic compounds during cellular respiration and the produced oxygen as a byproduct. But some Cyanobacteria and Archaea use inorganic compounds as an electron donor in electron transport chain and are referred to as lithotrophs, none of the eukaryotes falls in this category. Virus act as non-living outside the cell. It becomes active when it enters the host cell and derives the cellular protein from the host.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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The similarity between cyanobacterium and bacterium is

  1. Presence of flagella

  2. Presence of 80S ribosome

  3. Presence of nucleoid

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are many similarities between cyanobacterium and bacterium. They both posses saparophytic mode of life. They both lack true cell organelles. They both posses nucleoid instead of true nucleus. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Presence of nucleoid.'

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Blue-green algae are included in which of the following kingdoms?

  1. Monera

  2. Animalia

  3. Fungi

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The kingdom monera is comprised of the prokaryotic organisms. The blue-green algae are included under the kingdom monera. These are the primitive form of prokaryotic organisms. They are unicellular or multicellular forming filamentous structures. They do not have well-developed cellular components such as a nuclear membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, etc. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

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Which one of the following are peculiar organisms with non-green slimy, naked mass of protoplasm and many nuclei having characteristics of both plants and animals?

  1. Cyanobacteria

  2. Myxomycetes

  3. Ascomycetes

  4. PPLO
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Myxomycetes, also called as mycetozoa, phylum of fungus-like organisms within the kingdom protista, commonly known as true slime molds. They exhibit characteristics of both protozoans (one-celled microorganisms) and fungi. Myxomycetes is a class of slime molds, formerly regarded as animals (Mycetozoa), but now generally thought to be plants and often separated as a distinct phylum (Myxophyta); equivalent to the division Myxomycota. They are found on damp earth and decaying vegetable matter and consist of naked masses of protoplasm, which creep very slowly over the surface and ingest solid food.

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How many feature/s are related to heterocyst ?
1) Has no cell wall
2) Contains nitrogenase enzyme 
3) Promotes fragmentation
4) Can be seen in Nostoc
5) Possesses PS II

  1. 5

  2. 3

  3. 2

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heterocyst is a specialized nitrogen=fixing cell found in some filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc, Anabaena. It has cell wall which is made up of three layers. It carries carries out nitrogen fixation. It is formed due to lack of fixed nitrogen. It fixes nitrogen under aerobic conditions. It contains nif gens and synthesize nitrogenase enzyme. Apart from nitrogenase enzymes, it also contains other enzymes required for nitrogen fixation. It promotes vegetative reproduction by filament fragmentation. It does not possesses PS II and hence cannot produce oxygen.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

________ are an exception to cell theory.

  1. Bacteria

  2. Fungi

  3. Virus

  4. Lichen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Virus are an exception to cell theory. Because of the following reasons

1. The viruses are non-cellular organism that are characterized by having an inert crystalline structure outside the cell. 
2. Once they infect a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.
So, the correct answer is 'Virus'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

An organism made up of many cells is known as 

  1. Unicellular

  2. Multicellular

  3. Acellular

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The organism made up of many cells are known as multicellular.

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell. 
The absence of cells is known as acellular.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Organisms having bigger size and have a complex structure are called as 

  1. Acellular

  2. Unicellular

  3. Multicellular

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Organisms can consist of one cell to many cells. 
  • The cell is the structural unit of life. Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell that performs all the functions.
  •  Whereas, a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells and a different group of cells perform different functions which give complexity to the multicellular organisms.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

 Which of the following is a type of cell?

  1. Eukaryotic

  2. Prokaryotic

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. If the cells have dispersed nucleus i.e., nucleoid then these are called as prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes are organisms, whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton.
So, the correct answer is option C.