Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following are true for eukaryotic cells?
(i) They do not have a nuclear menbrane.
(ii) They have a well organized nucleus.
(iii) They have a nuclear membrane.
(iv) Blue green algae are eukaryotic cells.

  1. (ii) and (iv)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (ii)

  4. (i) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The eukaryotic cells are the advance cells that  have a well-defined nucleus that is surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane. Within the nuclear membrane, the genetic material is present on the chromosomes. The genetic material is double-stranded DNA that is bound with positively charged histone proteins. The nucleus also has its own nucleoplasm that serves as the base for the nuclear activities like DNA replication and RNA formation. 

Blue-green algae belong to the kingdom Monera because they are prokaryotic organisms. They do not have a well-organised nucleus. 
Hence, the correct is '(ii) and (iii)'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

A similarity between sapvacuoles of eukaryotic and periplasmic space of bacteria is that

  1. A) both contain hydrolytic enzymes

  2. B) both contain Anthocyanin pigments

  3. C) both contain metabolic gases which regulate buoyancy

  4. D) both contain osmoregulatory and excretory function
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Both the sap vacuoles and periplasmic membrane of bacteria contains the hydrolytic enzyme for their digestive purposes.

Therefore the right answer is 'both contain hydrolytic enzymes'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

A yeast cell differs from a bacterial cell as it is

  1. Multicellular

  2. Prokaryotic

  3. Eukaryotic

  4. Unicellular
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Yeasts are eukaryotic cells and bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Yeasts have their DNA contained within a nucleus. Bacteria lack a nucleus and their DNA is more or less scattered within their cytoplasm.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is

  1. They both have endoplasmic reticulum

  2. They both have DNA

  3. They both have ribosomes

  4. They have both endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes

  5. They have both DNA and ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
  • Prokaryotes are the organisms, that lack membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes have these organelles. 
  • ER is a eukaryotic organelle with a network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within the cells.
  • Ribosomes are the nonmembrane bound organelles and are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
  • DNA is the genetic material present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

    Hence, the correct answer is option E.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the absence of

  1. DNA

  2. Basic proteins

  3. Histones

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the absence of histones.
  • A prokaryotic cell does not have complex histone proteins as present in the eukaryotic cell.
  • They instead have smaller, less complex, basic proteins called histone-like proteins.
  • HU is a folding protein which is abundantly found in the nucleoid.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Histones'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Cytoribosomes of eukaryotes are different from those of bacterial cells in having

  1. Smaller size (70 S type)

  2. Larger size (80 S type)

  3. Differential chemical structure

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cytoribosomes of eucaryotes is different from those of bacterial cells in having a larger size.
  • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  • It is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- reads RNA.
  • In a prokaryotic cell, the ribosome is 70S type whereas, in a eukaryotic cell it is an 80S type.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Larger size (80 S type)'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following groups of organisms have a protein rich layer called pellicle?

  1. Chrysophytes

  2. Euglenoids

  3. Dinoflagellates

  4. Slime moulds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Euglenoids are unicellular flagellate protists. They are without the cell wall. The body is covered by thin and flexible pellicle which is a protein-rich layer. The pellicle has oblique but parallel stripes called myonemes. The pellicle is composed of fibrous elastic protein, the small amount of lipid and carbohydrates and maintains a definite shape. It is flexible enough to permit temporary changes in the body shape.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which is not true for Paramecium?

  1. Under unfavourable conditions, forms cysts

  2. Presence of large number of cilia on whole body surface

  3. Contains contractile vacuoles for osmoregulafion

  4. Use pseudopodia for capturing prey.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Paramecium is a tiny unicellular protozoan which shows the holozoic mode of nutrition. It shows the presence of a large number of cilia on whole body surface. It engulfs food using cilia. During unfavourable condition, it forms cysts. Under the favourable condition, the cyst releases many organisms. It contains contractile vacuole for osmoregulation. Excess water is thrown out through contractile vacuole outside. It uses trichocysts for capturing prey.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following are not eukaryotes?

  1. Monera

  2. Protista

  3. Animals

  4. Plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotes are the organisms which have membrane bound cell organelles as well as membrane bound nucleus. All the kingdoms except kingdom monera are eukaryotes. Monera is a kingdom of prokaryotes. It includes the most primitive forms of life which developed from an early stock called progenote. Being the earliest forms of life, monerans are adapted to all types of habitats. Population wise they are the most numerous of all organisms. They are found everywhere, wherever organic matter can be present or can be supported. They have very little morphological differentiation. Archaebacteria and eubacteria are the two major groups of monera.