Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which animal is non-chordate - protochordate?

  1. Botryllus

  2. Balanoglossus

  3. Branchiostoma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus has some characteristics in common with chordates, such as gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord; however, this species also has a ventral nerve cord and the nerve cords in general are not hollow like most chordates, but instead are solid. Therefore they are nonchordate - protochordate. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The feature that is not a characteristic of protochordata?

  1. Presence of notochord

  2. Bilateral symmetry and coelom

  3. Jointed legs

  4. Presence of circulatory system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Jointed appendages are the characteristic feature of phylum Arthropoda which includes most of the insects.
Protochordate is an informal category of animals, named mainly for convenience to describe invertebrate animals that are closely related to vertebrates. This group is composed of the Phylum Hemichordata and the Subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata.
The Phylum Hemichordata consists of marine worms that share some, but not all of the characteristics of chordates. These animals have pharyngeal gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord, which is usually solid. The three body parts are proboscis, collar, and trunk. What was once thought to be a notochord is no longer considered homologous. Acorn worms are examples of hemichordates
The Urochordates and Cephalochordates are protochordate but belong to the Phylum Chordata
So, the correct answer is 'Jointed legs'
Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Hemichordata is considered as the sister group of

  1. Arthropoda

  2. Echinoderms

  3. Molluscs

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals, generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms. They appear in the lower or middle Cambrian and include two main classes: Enteropneusta (acorn worms), and Pterobranchia. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Coelom of hemichordates is

  1. Schizocoel

  2. Enterocoel

  3. Enterocoel with differentiation of three regions

  4. Absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Schizocoel is a type of coelom which is derived by splitting of mesoderm. It is not present in hemichordates.

B) Enterocoel is derived out of gastric pouches during embryonic development.
C) Enterocoel is present in hemichordates and their body is differentiated into three regions- proboscis, collar and trunk.
D) Hemichordates are enterocoelomates and coelom is not absent in them.
Since option c is a more complete answer,  the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The body is distinguished into proboscis, collar, and trunk in

  1. Herdmania.

  2. Amphioxus.

  3. Petromyzon.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The body is distinguished into three unequal regions, proboscis, collar and trunk in hemichordates, like Balanoglossus. Hemichordates are most primitive marine chordates, their body is soft and devoid of any skeleton. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which one of the following is a chordate but not a vertebrate?

  1. Scoliodon

  2. Salamender

  3. Amphioxus

  4. Snake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Amphioxus also known as lancelet is a fish-like marine chordate. Unlike vertebrates, the dorsal nerve cord is not protected by bone but by a simpler notochord made up of a cylinder of cells that are closely packed to form a toughened rod. The lancelet notochord, unlike the vertebrate spine, extends into the head and therefore they are placed in subphylum Cephalochordata. Hence, option C is correct.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The mode of coelom formation in Hemichordata are

  1. Enterocoelus

  2. Pseudocoelous

  3. Schizcoelous

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates are enterocoelous coelomates with radial cleavage. Enterocoelic coelom (enterocoel) develops as mesodermal pouches, arising from the gut of the embryo. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The larval form of Hemichordata is called as 

  1. Trochophore

  2. Tornaria

  3. Tadpole

  4. Ammocete
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A tornaria is the planktonic larva of some species of Hemichordata. Trochophore is the larva of marine annelids and most groups of molluscs.
A tadpole is a larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian. Ammocoete is the larval stage of lamprey.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Protochordates are 

  1. Mucous feeders

  2. Water current feeders

  3. Ciliary feeders

  4. Predators
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are the invertebrate members of Chordata and include urochordates (sea squirts) and cephalochordates (amphioxus, lancelets). Cephalochordates are filter feeders that use cilia to generate a current of water and phytoplankton particles into the mouth. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Kidneys of protochordates are

  1. Protonephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Metanephric

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates consists of the organisms that are categorized under subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata. Protochordates are also called as Acraniata, due to the lack of head and cranium. These organisms are extremely marine and have small sized bodies. In protochordates, kidneys contain protonephridia, whereas, in euchordates, kidneys contain meso- or metanephridia.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Body wall of Hemichordates is composed of 

  1. Only epidermis

  2. Only dermis

  3. Epidermis and dermis both

  4. Mucous glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals. They show characteristics of both Echinoderm and Chordates. They show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic. Body is unicellular and is composed of epidermis. Body consists of three regions, proboscis, collar and trunk.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

All protochordates are

  1. Aquatic

  2. Marine

  3. Fresh water

  4. All of the the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are closely related to vertebrates. They differ from the chordate by not having a backbone. They are marine worms that share some, but not all of the characteristics of chordates. All living protochordate are strictly marine and are isosmotic with the sea.

So, the correct answer is option B.