Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology cell and cell organelles cell membrane and cell wall cell wall cell division in embryo development

Consider the following and choose correct features w.r.t. bacillariophycean members. 
(a) Girdle
(b) Cnidoblast
(c) Sewage pollution indicator
(d) Zygotic meiosis
(e) Auxospores
(f) Diplontic life cycle

  1. $\text{a, d, e & f}$
  2. $\text{b, c, d & e}$
  3. $\text{c, d, e & f}$
  4. $\text{c, e & f}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) are characterized by features like auxospores, zygotic meiosis, and a diplontic life cycle. Girdle refers to their frustule structure.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Presence of suckers are characteristic of which of the following class?

  1. Polychaeta

  2. Oligochaeta

  3. Hirudinea

  4. Archiannelida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Class Hirudinea belongs to phylum Annelida. These are parasitic in nature which is equipped with suckers used for creeping. Leeches are primarily freshwater annelids, but some live in the ocean and some in moist soil or vegetation. The majority of leeches are predators on small invertebrates, most swallow their prey whole, but some suck the soft parts from their victims. Some leeches are parasites rather than predators and suck the body fluids of their victims without killing them.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

A suctorial mouth is present in 

  1. Leech

  2. Ascaris

  3. Tapeworm

  4. Earthworm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Leeches are ectoparasites and they mostly live on the blood of vertebrate animals, like - humans, cattle, etc. They have a sanguivorous i.e. blood-sucking feeding habit. The blood-sucking habit of Leeches is supported by a special adaptation in their mouth.
  • Their mouth is a narrow triradiate aperture that sits at the center of the pre-oral chamber of the oral sucker. The oral sucker (or anterior sucker) is a tiny hollow muscular organ present at the anterior end of the animal body. 
  • The pre-oral chamber is actually a cup-like depression at the ventral surface of the oral sucker. One ray of the mouth is in medio-dorsal position, while the other two are placed ventro-laterally. 
  • This specially modified mouth of the Leeches is called suctorial mouth. When a feeding leech firmly adheres to the host body, its suctorial mouth moves like a saw and makes a triradiate (i.e. Y-shaped) painless incision in the victim's skin. Then the oozing blood of the host is sucked by the Leech. 
Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Match the locomotory organs given with the phylum, in which they are seen. Choose the answer which gives the correct combination of the alphabets of the two columns:

Locomotory organ Phylum
A. Pseudopodia p. Mollusca
B. Parapodia q. Chondrichthyes
C. Muscular foot r. Protozoa
D. Fins s. Annelida


  1. A- r, B- p, C- s, D- q

  2. A- p, B- r, C- s, D- q

  3. A- s, B- r, C- q, D- p

  4. A- r, B- s, C- p, D- q
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pseudopodia are the temporary extensions of the cytoplasm. These are used in locomotion and feeding. These are used by the protozoans and some of the flagellate protozoans. Polychaete worms  are the group of worms which belong to the phylum of Annelids. They are characterized by an elongated and segmented body. They bear a pair of appendages called parapodia on each metamere. These are used for locomotion. The organisms which are mollusc and belongs to the class of Gastropoda, have a flattened muscular foot for locomotion. They have a head that bears stalked eyes. Chondrichthyans are the group of cartilagenous fishes. Many chondrichthyans possess two dorsal fins, one anterior (just behind the head) and another posterior (in front of the tail).

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Which one of the following is a matching pair of a body feature and the animal possessing it?

  1. Ventral heart - Scorpion

  2. Post anal tail - Octopus

  3. Ventral central nervous system - Leech

  4. Pharyngeal gill slits absent in embryo- Chamaeleon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The scorpion heart is a strong, muscular organ extending along the dorsal mid-line of the heart.
Octopus has four pairs of arms, like all cephalopods.
Chamaeleon has pharyngeal gill slits in the embryo stage.
The central nervous system in leech is ventral.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

External segmentation is absent but internal segmentation is present in

  1. Polychaeta

  2. Oligochaeta

  3. Archiannelida

  4. Hirudinea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Archiannelids are a group of annelids that show internal segmentation by septa, but lack the external segmentation (annuli) characteristic of other annelid classes.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.


Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids as in that earthworms:

  1. Lack setae that marine annelids have

  2. Lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have

  3. Have segments, whereas marine annelids do not

  4. Have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, whereas marine annelids do not
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In polychaetes (or marine annelids) parapodia are present that help in gaseous exchange and in movement. Parapodia is absent in earthworm and in earthworms respiration is through skin. So, the correct answer is 'lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have'.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Which of the following is the marine leech?

  1. Sipunculus

  2. Pontobdella

  3. Hirudo

  4. Polygordius
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pontobdella is segmented worm under the phylum Annelida. It is a marine leech which is ectoparasite on elasmobranchs and is commonly called as 'skate sucker'.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

The characteristic feature of leech is

  1. Nephridia

  2. Coelom

  3. Botryoidal tissue and hirudin

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nephridia is an organ involved in the excretory system. It is the characteristic feature of leech. Their bodies are much more solid as the spaces in their coelom are dense with connective tissues. In leeches, the botryoidal tissue is composed of two different cell types. The granular botryoidal cells and flattened endothelial-like cells which contains a brown pigment and may serve an excretory function. Leeches use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anticoagulant enzyme known as hirudin into the host's blood streams. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Paddle worm amongst the following is 

  1. Arenicola

  2. Chaetopterus

  3. Sabella

  4. Amphitrite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chaetopterus, commonly known as paddle worm from class Polychaeta. It is worldwide in distribution. It feeds on small organisms, true filter feeders. The body is divided into an anterior region, middle region and a posterior region. Parapodia have modified accordingly to their function. They are modified into pumping fans, sucking discs and food ball organs and asexual reproduction by transverse fission. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Partly open type of circulatory system is found in few members of class

  1. Oligochaeta

  2. Polychaeta

  3. Archiannelida

  4. Hirudinea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The circulatory system is usually closed in Annelids, i.e., confined within well-developed blood vessels. However, in some Hirudinea, the circulatory system is partly open, with blood and coelomic fluid mixing directly in the sinuses of the body cavity. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology structural organization of animals structural organization of leech phylum annelida annelida structural organization of rabbit

Which of the following organism act as a connecting link between Oligochaeta and Hirudinea?

  1. Haemadipsa

  2. Acanthobdella

  3. Pontobdella

  4. Hirudo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acanthobdella forms a connecting link between Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. It is mostly parasitic on fins of salmon fishes. Body comprises of thirty segments only. Its body cavity is spacious and completely divided by septa, vascular system is composed of dorsal and ventral vessel. Hence, option B is correct.