Legislature and Parliament

When there is a deadlock between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha over an ordinary Bill, it is resolved by a joint sitting of Parliament presided over by the Lok Sabha Speaker. This follows the procedure outlined in Article 108.

Parliament can legislate on State List subjects in two cases: (1) Rajya Sabha resolution by 2/3 majority (Article 249), and (2) implementing international treaties/agreements (Article 253). Therefore 'in all these cases' is correct.

The Election Commission of India, established under Article 324 of the Constitution, is responsible for conducting and supervising elections to the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), State Legislatures (Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad), and the offices of the President and Vice-President.

The Election Commission of India decides disputes relating to the allotment of symbols to political parties under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968. The Representation of the People Act 1951 deals with election conduct but not symbol allocation. The Election Commission has quasi-judicial powers in this regard.

Article 111 of the Constitution deals with President's assent to Bills. When a Bill is passed by both Houses, the President may give assent, withhold assent (pocket veto), or return the Bill (except Money Bills) for reconsideration. Withholding assent is a constitutional option available to the President, though it's rarely exercised.

A no-confidence motion in the Lok Sabha requires support of at least 50 members to be admitted. This is a constitutional provision under Article 75(3) and Rule 198 of the Lok Sabha. The motion, if passed, leads to the resignation of the Council of Ministers. 25, 10, or 75 members are not the required minimum.

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) is a constitutional authority established under Article 148 of the Indian Constitution. It was not created by cabinet resolution or parliamentary enactment. The CAG is the guardian of public finances and audits all government expenditures.

The Attorney General of India has the right to speak and participate in proceedings of either House of Parliament and can be a member of Parliamentary Committees, but cannot vote. The Attorney General is the government's chief legal advisor. The CAG, Chief Election Commissioner, and Finance Commission Chairman do not have these specific parliamentary participation rights.

The provisional parliament (Constituent Assembly) was NOT a directly elected body. Its members were indirectly elected by members of provincial legislatures, who were themselves elected under limited franchise. This was a key distinction from the later Parliament established under the Constitution, which is directly elected by universal adult franchise.

A lame duck session refers to the last session of a Parliament held after dissolution has been ordered but before the new Parliament is constituted. During this period, the outgoing government continues to function with limited legislative authority.

Lok Sabha has exclusive powers to introduce Money Bills (Article 117) and pass no-confidence motions against the Council of Ministers (Article 75). Ratifying emergency declarations and impeaching the President are joint powers of both Houses. Money Bills cannot be introduced in Rajya Sabha and only Lok Sabha can directly vote on ministerial confidence.

Albania's parliament is called the 'Kuvendi' or 'Kuvendi i Shqiperise' in Albanian, which translates to 'National Assembly' in English. 'Sansad' is used in India and Nepal, 'Shora' was used in Afghanistan under different regimes, and 'National Assembly' is the correct English translation for Albania's legislative body.

Rajya Sabha members are elected by the members of Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) of states and union territories. This is through proportional representation and single transferable vote system. They are not directly elected by people, nor by Lok Sabha or Legislative Councils.

Article 80(4) of the Constitution states that representatives of union territories in the Rajya Sabha shall be chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law prescribe. This gives Parliament the authority to decide the election method for UT representatives. The other options incorrectly attribute this power to state assemblies or state laws.

The Rajya Sabha (Council of State) is a permanent house that cannot be dissolved. Unlike the Lok Sabha, which can be dissolved by the President before its term, the Rajya Sabha continues forever with staggered retirements. This permanent nature ensures continuity and federal balance. Lok Sabha is also called House of People.