Legislature and Parliament

The President addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled together at the first session after each general election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session (Budget Session) of each year. This address outlines the government's policy and priorities. The Budget Session typically begins in February.

 The official record of proceedings in the British Parliament is called hansard.

A member may withdraw his letter of resignation at any time before it is accepted by the Chairman.

According to Article 200 of the Constitution, a Money Bill in the State Legislature requires the Governor's consent before introduction. Unlike ordinary bills where the Governor can withhold assent, Money Bills have specific provisions - the Governor must give consent but cannot return the bill for reconsideration. The Governor's role is primarily formal, similar to the President at the Union level.

In the Indian parliamentary system, there is no fixed minimum percentage of seats required for a party to be recognized as the opposition. The opposition is simply the largest party not in power that is willing to form an alternative government. The 10% rule applies to being recognized as a national or state party, not specifically as opposition.

Under Rule 198 of the Lok Sabha, a motion of no confidence requires support from at least 50 members of the House (10% of the total strength of 543) before the Speaker can admit it. This ensures that only motions with significant backing are considered.

Kerala has a unicameral legislature (only Legislative Assembly). Bihar, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh have bicameral legislatures with Legislative Councils (Vidhan Parishad) and Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha).

Article 109(5) states that the Rajya Sabha can delay a Money Bill passed by Lok Sabha for a maximum of 14 days. If Rajya Sabha does not return the bill within 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both Houses. This provision ensures that the directly elected Lok Sabha has primacy in financial matters.

Under Article 352, a proclamation of Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month. If approved, it lasts for six months unless revoked earlier. This ensures legislative oversight on executive emergency powers.

Under Article 108, a joint sitting of both Houses can be called by the President to resolve disagreements on ordinary bills (except money bills). Money bills originate only in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha cannot amend them, so joint sitting applies to other legislation.

Article 85 of the Indian Constitution requires that Parliament must meet at least once in every six months. This ensures that the legislature remains active and accountable. The six-month maximum interval prevents the executive from delaying sessions indefinitely. Four months or one year are not the constitutional requirements.

The parliament of Bhutan is called the Tshogdu (also spelled Tsongdu). It consists of the National Assembly and the National Council. Shoora is the Saudi Arabian parliament, Yuan is the Chinese parliament.

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