Law Legal Studies

Labour and Industrial Relations

1,497 Questions

Labour and Industrial Relations involves the study of employment laws, workers unions, and workplace dynamics. This page features practice questions on critical topics such as equal pay, gratuity, overtime, and labor disputes. These questions are essential for law entrance exams and competitive tests.

Employment contractsTrade unionsWage discriminationIndustrial disputesOvertime payWorkplace safety

Labour and Industrial Relations Questions

Multiple choice
  1. Farewell to Child Labour

  2. Child Labour – The Way Forward

  3. Nibbling at the Problem

  4. Exploited Children

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage is mainly discussing the efforts needed to remove child labour and how much they have been successful.

Multiple choice
  1. fixing the wages

  2. ensuring a full work schedule

  3. allowing minimum rest

  4. gearing up the machinery

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The last lines of the passage describe the importance of gearing up machinery which would add support.

Multiple choice
  1. Indefensible practices; hazardous industries; rehabilitation

  2. Minimum wages; rest and recreation; hazardous occupation

  3. Ban on hazardous jobs; exploitation-prevention; rehabilitation of the pulled out

  4. Schedule; recreation; exploitation

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage highlights the need to ban child labour and rehabilitate those employed. Other options are just talking vaguely about some practices.

Multiple choice
  1. set free and asked to go home

  2. enrolled in existing municipal schools for training

  3. directed to the corporation dispensaries for health check

  4. given free education, heath care and vocational training

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

“To be freed … and given education, health and vocational training.”

Multiple choice
  1. it is least comprehensive

  2. it allows employment of a child in a prohibited job as part of family labour

  3. its definitions are clear and unambiguous

  4. its law enforcement is not strict

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

“The 1966 Act has been dubbed as a law that legitimises child labour and the target of attack particularly has been the proviso which in effect says that a child can work if it is part of family labour.”

Multiple choice
  1. Remove the unit head and appoint the next in line as the acting unit head. This would satisfy the complainants.

  2. Take no action as the unit has been functioning well and disturbing the administrative set up won’t be proper.

  3. Undertake a visit to the unit and find out the root cause of problem. Speak to the unit head and disgruntled workers if need be. But this may take some time as you are preoccupied with some urgent work.

  4. Call for a report from the unit head regarding the allegations levelled against him.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

2.5 marks for Option (c) 1.5 marks for Option (d) 2 marks for Option (b) 0 marks for Option (a) Rationale/ Reasoning (c) The matter is important as well as urgent. The unit concerned is the biggest one in the region but there is also disgruntlement amongst a section of workers. The best course of action is to personally visit the unit and listen to both the workers and management (Option (c)). This way the root cause of the problem could be ascertained and appropriate action taken. (d) Option (d) would enable you to get the management’s perspective. But the point of view of the workers would be missing. The management is most likely to defend itself without accepting the contention of workers. (b) & (a) Taking no action, though an inappropriate course of action, (Option (b)), is at least better than sacking the unit head immediately without proper inquiry (Option (a)). The complaint itself may be false or exaggerated one. In such a situation sacking may lead to disillusionment amongst the management of the unit. Principle/ Value Tested Ability to take just, impartial and balanced decisions

Multiple choice
  1. Call the contractors and officials in question and direct them to mend their ways otherwise you will be forced to take action

  2. Seek directions of Commissioner as suggested by the subordinate officials and buy time

  3. Scrutinise the accounts of the scheme yourself but not order an inquiry as you would have to face political pressure

  4. Order and inquiry despite possibility of political pressure

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

2.5 marks for Option (d) 1.5 marks for Option (b) 0 marks for Option (a) or (c) Rationale/ Reasoning (d) In the case of a serious allegation of a scam, it is best to order an enquiry. This is essential to detect and book the culprits, if any and save the government’s exchequer from being drained any further. Not doing so may also be interpreted as a sign of complicity of the authorities who over-looked to do so. (b) Option (b) is not the best course of action. But it is a better course of action than the other two options. By reporting the matter to Commissioner and seeking his directions, at least you are keeping your own slate clear. (a) & (c) Calling the contractors/officials and chiding them or scrutinising the accounts yourself would not help in bringing the wrong doers in the folds of law or in recovering the looted money. The best course of action is to order an enquiry. Principle/ Value Tested Conviction to take seemingly tough decisions in the call of duty              

Multiple choice
  1. Direct the subordinate to modify his report and seek more funds

  2. Forward the report to the company as it is, intimating of more possible delay and seeking more time for commissioning of the unit

  3. Forward the report of the subordinate, expressing your disagreement and stating that the unit can be started in time without additional funds

  4. Forward the report with a recommendation for allocating additional funds, to enable you to complete the commissioning as per the revised timelines

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As it is your recommendation, you must own it up even if your subordinate has missed it or does not agree with it. (a) Option (a), though in effect would be similar to Option (d), is reflective of lack of desire to own up one’s decision and a dictatorial approach to work. (c) Option (c) is misleading the headquarters that the project can be completed on time. (b) Option (b) shows your helplessness and lack of managerial acumen as you do not recommend any solution to a significant problem. Principal/ Value Tested Ability to own up one’s own decisions Courage to communicate to higher authorities seemingly unpopular decisions which are in the larger organisational interest

Multiple choice
  1. quit your job in protest against violation of environmental laws

  2. request the management to change the manufacturing process to environmental law compliant one

  3. collect evidence and write to the Pollution Control Board despite knowing that this may lead to closure of the unit and you yourself losing your job

  4. let things continue as they are, as checking pollution is the job of the Pollution Control Board

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The situation in the question aims to evaluate whether, as an individual, you object to violation of laws which you witness happening around you, or whether you would yourself become a party to it so as to suit your own interest. Option (3) best fulfills the aforesaid objective. Option (2) is also a daring and conscientious act. But it is fraught with the possibility of not being heeded by the management and even of the worker being thrown out of job without any positive result. As such it is not the best option.  By quitting ones job in protest (Option (1)), one may be able to show that he is not going to be a party to an illegal activity. But this in itself is not going to deter the wrongdoer or bring it to the knowledge of the law enforcement agency.  Option (4) is reflective of a defeatist approach. Besides it makes one accept and be a party to an illegal act. Principle/Value Tested       Belief in reporting violation of laws to the agencies concerned vis-à-vis acceptance of violation of law as a norm/ to suit personal interest

Multiple choice
  1. Get the repairs done by the private contractor. As at least the work would be done. Even if CPWD does the work, eventually the cost would be borne by the Government only, which would be the case if the private contractor does it.

  2. Make a formal written complaint to higher officials in CPWD and point out the negligence of CPWD officials and problems being faced by you

  3. Approach the CPWD officials required to do the work and again make a verbal request, lest a written complaint annoy them

  4. Continue without taking any action and wait for CPWD to carry out the repairs in due course

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Logic/Reasoning  Making a formal written complaint (Option (2)) is the best course of action even though it may not be appearing to yield immediate result.  Meeting the officials and making a verbal request is another good course of action (Option (3)), but where the authorities concerned have not been responding at all, another verbal request may only prove to be facile. However, it is better than not doing anything at all (Option (d)).   By exercising Option (1) one may be able to get the work done quickly but it does nothing to correct an inefficient system. Besides, one may compromise one’s official position by taking favour from an office contractor and also subvert an office rule. Principle/Value Tested Respecting/adopting the correct path to seek remedy in public domain vis-à-vis adopting effective but illegal short cuts

Multiple choice
  1. Advise the petioner vide a letter, to file a complaint with the police.

  2. Call the petitioner in person and ask him to accept the fifteen days wage, as taking action against the contractor will be time taking.

  3. Recommend to the police authorities to register the petition as a complaint and take immediate action.

  4. Forward his petition to the local employment exchange for registering him for a job.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

2.5 marks for option (c) 1 mark for option (a) 0 marks for option (b) or (d) Rationale/ Reasoning (c) Option ‘c’ provides the appropriate course for redressal of grievance. (a) Option ‘a’ though otherwise in conformity with the law/ rules, shows that as an administrator you are not proactive and are shrugging your responsibility. Besides, the person complained against is influential, thus the complainant may hesitate to approach the police. Further, he may have the apprehension that the police may not register his complaint. (d) Option ‘d’ does not redress the injustice. Registering with an employment exchange can be done directly by him without requiring administrative assistance. (b) Option ‘a’ asks him to accept injustice and therefore encourages and perpetuates injustice. Principles/ Values tested Empathy for the weak and desire to uphold justice/ take action against injustice.

Multiple choice
  1. Unskilled

  2. Fresh

  3. Organised

  4. Best

  5. None of these

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work, whereas in an unorganised sector, there are no live terms of employment and workers can be asked to leave anytime.

Multiple choice
  1. Technological changes

  2. New practices like outsourcing

  3. New employment legislation

  4. Income Tax slab changes

  5. None of these

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There is no direct impact on the government's decision on income tax slab changes with regards to human resource planning.