Law Legal Studies

Labour and Industrial Relations

1,460 Questions

Labour and Industrial Relations involves the study of employment laws, workers unions, and workplace dynamics. This page features practice questions on critical topics such as equal pay, gratuity, overtime, and labor disputes. These questions are essential for law entrance exams and competitive tests.

Employment contractsTrade unionsWage discriminationIndustrial disputesOvertime payWorkplace safety

Labour and Industrial Relations Questions

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Parties that are not involved in industrial relations are ______.

  1. Employees

  2. Customers

  3. Courts & Tribunals

  4. Employer Associations
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parties that are not involved in industrial relations are customers. Industrial relations is concerned with the employer and the employee with their respective organization, at work or arising out of the working situation.Employees, courts and tribunals, employer associations- all are involved in industrial relations.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Identify the effect(s) of bad Industrial Relations on customers from the following.

  1. Rise in prices

  2. Scarcity of goods

  3. Bad affect on quality of goods

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Industrial relations is concerned with the employer and the employee with their respective organization, at work or arising out of the working situation. Effects of bad Industrial Relations on employees are as follows:a) Rise in prices
b) Scarcity of goods c) Bad effect on quality of goods.
Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Identify the effect(s) of bad Industrial Relations on employees from the following.

  1. Reduced level of productivity.

  2. Damage to machines and equipment.

  3. Adverse effect on development of companies.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Industrial relations is concerned with the employer and the employee with their respective organization, at work or arising out of the working situation. Effects of bad Industrial Relations on employees are as follows:a) Reduced level of productivity.
b) Damage to machines and equipment.c) Adverse effect on development of companies.
Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

______ approach of industrial relations states that the authority rests solely with the management with no right to anyone to challenge it.

  1. Pluralist approach

  2. Unitary approach

  3. System approach

  4. Social action approach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The unitary approach of industrial relations states that the authority rests solely with the management with no right to anyone to challenge it. The unitary approach is based on the assumption that the organization is an integrated group of people with single authority/ loyalty structure and a set of common values, interests and objectives shared by all members of the organization.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Identify the effect(s) of bad Industrial Relations on Government from the following.

  1. Loss of revenue

  2. Lack of order in society

  3. Blame by different parties

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Industrial relations is concerned with the employer and the employee with their respective organization, at work or arising out of the working situation. Effects of bad Industrial Relations on employees are as follows:a) Loss of revenue
b) Lack of order in society c) Blame by different parties.
Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

The balance of power is not vested with any one group; rather, it is maintained between the parties to the industrial relations. This is the essence of the _________ of industrial relations.

  1. Pluralist approach

  2. System approach

  3. Unitary approach

  4. Social action approach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The balance of power is not vested with any one group; rather, it is maintained between the parties to industrial relations. This is the essence of the pluralist approach of industrial relations. The pluralistic approach suggests that there is more than one source of power in the relationship between workers and business leaders. Unions are often a central component to the pluralistic approach that seeks a balance of power between leadership and employees.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Socialization of industries by making the state itself a major employer helps in better industrial relations.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Socialization of industries by making the state itself a major employer helps in better industrial relations- this is a true statement. By socialization of industries, social ownership of the resources can be created which will help to improve the industrial relations.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, for a monthly paid workman the average pay means the average of wages payable in _______ months.

  1. 3

  2. 6

  3. 12

  4. 9
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, for a monthly paid workman the average pay means the average of wages payable in 3 months. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 is applicable to whole of India. This act came into force from 1 April,1947. This act helps to regulate Indian labour law. It also looks after the concerns related to trade unions.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 retrenchment does not include:
(1)Voluntary Retirement
(2)Retirement on reaching the age of superannuation
(3)Termination by non renewal of contract of employment
(4)Termination of employment on grounds of ill health.

  1. (1) and (2)

  2. (1) and (3)

  3. (2) and (3)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 retrenchment does not include -
(1)Voluntary Retirement
(2)Retirement on reaching the age of superannuation
(3)Termination by non renewal of contract of employment
(4)Termination of employment on grounds of ill health
Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 is applicable to whole of India. This act came into force from 1 April,1947. This act helps to regulate Indian labour law. It also looks after the concerns related to trade unions.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

_______ is an act on the part of the employers to close down the place of work until the workers agree to resume the work on the terms and conditions specified by the employers.

  1. Gherao

  2. Lock-out

  3. Picketing

  4. General strike
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lock-out is an act on the part of the employers to close down the place of work until the workers agree to resume the work on the terms and conditions specified by the employers. A lock-out can be defined s a temporary work stoppage due to labour disputes.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, an employer must give__________ days notice before changes in service condition.

  1. 7

  2. 14

  3. 21

  4. 28
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, an employer must give 21 days notice before changes in service condition. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 is applicable to whole of India. This act came into force from 1 April,1947. This act helps to regulate Indian labour law. It also looks after the concerns related to trade unions.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 layoff can be declared for following reason (s):
1. Shortage of coal, power
2. Breakdown of machinery
3. Natural calamity
4. Shortage of raw material

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 2 and 3

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 is applicable to whole of India. This act came into force from 1 April,1947. This act helps to regulate Indian labour law. It also looks after the concerns related to trade unions. As per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 layoff can be declared for following reasons:
1. Shortage of coal, power
2. Breakdown of machinery
3. Natural calamity
4. Shortage of raw material.

Multiple choice commercial applications industrial relations, trade unions and social security need for an eco-friendly form of industrial development objectives, causes and methods towards industrial relations industrial pollution and degradation of environment

Under _____ employees adopt go-slow tactics to put pressure on the employers.

  1. Sit Down Strike

  2. Sympathetic Strike

  3. Slow Down Strike

  4. Economic Strike
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Under slow-down strike employees adopt go-slow tactics to put pressure on the employers. Slow-down strike can be defined as a form of protests from the employees where the employees deliberately perform inefficiently to reduce the output of the firm.

Multiple choice commercial studies industrial relations, trade unions and social security concept, scope and social security in india concept of social security insurance - introduction and importance

_______ is paid to the workers who fulfill certain eligibility conditions like a minimum qualifying service period of five years.

  1. Pension

  2. Gratuity

  3. Salary

  4. Interest
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gratuity is a type of after service payment to the employees who have fulfilled certain conditions of the job. According to the Payment of the Gratuity Act, 1972 the maximum amount of gratuity which can be paid to a employee is 10 lakh rupees of any establishment or corporate unit be it is private or public only after completion of a qualifying service of 5 years.

Multiple choice commercial studies industrial relations, trade unions and social security concept, scope and social security in india concept of social security insurance - introduction and importance

The contribution paid by the employer is ___ of basic wages plus dearness allowance plus retaining allowance.

  1. 6%

  2. 7%

  3. 12%(in case of more than 20 employees ) 10% (in case of less than 20 employees)

  4. 11%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The contribution paid by the employer is 12%(in case of more than 20 employees) 10% (in case of less than 20 employees) of basic wages plus dearness allowance plus retaining allowance, according to the EPFO rules.  The contribution of both employer and employee is limited to 10% only.