ISRO Missions and Satellites

Dr. Kalpana Chawla first went into space on November 19, 1997, as a mission specialist on STS-87 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. She was the first Indian-born woman to fly in space.

INSAT-1D was an Indian communications satellite launched from the Chandipur testing range in Odisha (formerly Orissa) using an indigenous launch vehicle. Cape Canaveral (USA), Kyato (Japan), and Bordeaux (France) are not correct launch sites for this specific satellite.

The first Indian satellite was Aryabhatta. 

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first scientific lunar mission, launched in October 2008. The name combines the Sanskrit words 'Chandra' (moon) and 'Yaana' (craft/vessel). Soyuz and Sputnik were Soviet missions, while Voyager was a NASA program.

Space rockets in India are primarily launched from Sriharikota, which houses the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC). This launch facility in Andhra Pradesh is the main spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Sriharikota was chosen for its geographical advantages including proximity to the equator and ability to launch into various orbital inclinations.

ISRO's second moon mission, Chandrayaan-2, was initially planned for 2012 though it eventually launched in 2019. It included an orbiter, lander (Vikram), and rover (Pragyan) and was a major upgrade to the successful Chandrayaan-1 mission.

PSLV-C10 launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. Sriharikota is ISRO's primary launch site and all PSLV missions are conducted from there.

It will send the information from the moon. 

The PSLV-C9 mission launched ten satellites including nano satellites (NLS-4, NLS-5, RUBIN-8A) and one micro satellite - IMS-1 (Indian Mini Satellite-1). Nano satellites typically weigh between 1-10 kg, while micro satellites weigh between 10-100 kg. IMS-1 was a larger Indian remote sensing satellite compared to the nano satellites on the same mission.

The Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during re-entry on February 1, 2003, killing all seven crew members including Indian-born astronaut Kalpana Chawla. This was the shuttle's 28th mission (STS-107). Option C is correct.

IMS-1 is an Earth Observation Satellite launched on April, 2008.

Chandrayaan-1 was launched by PSLV C-11 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C-11) on October 22, 2008. This was the first Indian lunar mission. The other options are incorrect: INSAT 3 is a communication satellite series, CARTOSAT is an earth observation satellite, and PSLV C without the specific mission designation is incomplete.

Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to enter space in 1984 aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 mission. He spent nearly eight days aboard the Salyut 7 orbital station.

The phrase 'by leaps and bounds' is a common English idiom meaning to make rapid or spectacular progress. It fits the context of describing the growth of space research.