Invertebrate Zoology

Earthworms respire through their moist skin, which allows oxygen to diffuse directly into their bloodstream and carbon dioxide to diffuse out. They lack lungs or specialized respiratory organs, so their thin, moist skin serves as the primary surface for gas exchange.

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Yes, the larvae, caterpillars or silkworms are stored in clean bamboo trays and are fed freshly chopped mulberry leaves.

Yes, this is the correct answer. The caterpillar covers itself fully with silk fibre and turns into a pupa. This covering is known as the cocoon.

This is incorrect.

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is found in many places throughout the natural world. It is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans (e.g., crabs, lobsters and shrimps) and insects, the radulas of mollusks, and the beaks of cephalopods, including squid and octopuses.

Limbs regenerate in arthropods.

In earthworms, the ovaries are located in the 13th segment, which is part of their reproductive anatomy.

Pearl is formed during protection against foreign invaders.

Prawn antennae serve multiple functions: they are sensory organs for touch and chemical reception (taste, smell), and they help with balance and orientation. Cutting them would result in loss of all these functions. Antennae are not primarily excretory organs.

Miracidium is the ciliated larval stage that hatches from eggs of trematodes like liver fluke. It must infect a snail host to continue the life cycle. Tapeworms have oncosphere larvae, roundworms have direct development, and earthworms are annelids without parasitic larval stages.

Sponges exhibit remarkable regenerative capacity due to their cellular organization. When dissociated, sponge cells can recognize each other through cell surface markers and reaggregate to form a complete, functional organism. This ability demonstrates the totipotent nature of sponge cells and their lack of true tissue organization, allowing them to reorganize into different cell types as needed.

Bombyx Mori is the silkworm species that produces commercial silk. It spins a cocoon made of a continuous fine filament that can be 600-900 meters long. Yersinia Pestis causes plague (bacteria), and Bacillus Actinia appears to be a fabricated option.

Cockroaches undergo incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous development), where eggs hatch into nymphs that resemble miniature adults. The nymphs gradually molt and mature into adult cockroaches. Caterpillars and larvae are part of complete metamorphosis seen in butterflies, and pupa is the stage between larva and adult in complete metamorphosis.

Honey bees possess chewing and lapping mouthparts adapted for their feeding habits. They have mandibles for chewing (pollen manipulation, wax molding) and a proboscis formed by galeae for lapping nectar from flowers.