General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice technology web technology

Who is largely responsible for breaking the German Engima codes, created a test that provided a foundation for AI?

  1. Jeff Bezos

  2. George Boole

  3. Alan Turing

  4. Charles Babbage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Alan Turing broke the German Enigma codes during World War II and created the Turing Test, which provided a foundational concept for artificial intelligence - the test determines if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human. Charles Babbage designed early mechanical computers, George Boole developed Boolean algebra, and Jeff Bezos is a modern tech entrepreneur.

Multiple choice technology web technology

Who is largely responsible for breaking the German Engima codes, created a test that provided a foundation for Artificial Intelligence?

  1. Jeff Bezos

  2. George Boole

  3. Alan Turing

  4. Charles Babbage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Alan Turing was a British mathematician and computer scientist who played a pivotal role in breaking the German Enigma codes during WWII at Bletchley Park. He also developed the Turing Test, which became a foundational concept in Artificial Intelligence for determining machine intelligence. Charles Babbage designed early computers, George Boole developed Boolean algebra, and Jeff Bezos is a modern entrepreneur.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are true?

i. Robert Hooke first observed dead cells, whereas Leeuwenhoek first reported free living cells. ii. Cell theory was proposed by Virchow. iii. Purkinje coined the term 'protoplasm'.

  1. i, ii and iii

  2. i and iii

  3. iii only

  4. i only

  5. ii only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Robert Hooke first observed dead cells, whereas Leeuwenhoek first reported free living cells. Purkinje coined the term 'protoplasm'.

Multiple choice

Who coined the term 'ecotype' ?

  1. Alfred Russel Wallace

  2. Henry Bates

  3. Wilhelm Turesson

  4. William Henry Edwards
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Wilhelm Turesson was an ecological genetics. He is famed for coining the terms 'ecotype' and 'agamospecies'.

Multiple choice

Dolly was the first cloned sheep. It was cloned by

  1. Ian Wilmut

  2. Joshua Lederberg

  3. Norton Zinder

  4. Esther Lederberg
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dolly was the first mammal & a female domestic sheep, which was cloned from an adult somatic cell, through the process of nuclear transfer. Its clonning was done by Ian Wilmut.

Multiple choice

Who coined the terms 'phenotype' and 'genotype'?

  1. Wilhelm Johannsen

  2. Karl Pearson

  3. Galton

  4. Johan Kjeldahl
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Wilhelm Johannsen was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. He coined the terms phenotype and genotype.

Multiple choice

The term 'antibiotic' was coined by

  1. Selman A. Waksman

  2. Paul Ehrlich

  3. Alexander Fleming

  4. Sir James Frazer Stirling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The term antibiotic was coined by a renowned microbiologist Selman A. Waksman. He tested about 10,000 types of soil bacteria for antibiotic capability. In 1943, Waksman discovered a fungus that produced a powerful antibiotic substance, which he called streptomycin.

Multiple choice

Who coined the term 'antibiotics'?

  1. Selman Waksman

  2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

  3. Thomas Willis

  4. John Ward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Selman Waksman was an American biochemist and microbiologist .He discovered about twenty antibiotics & also coined the same.

Multiple choice

Match the biologists given in Column I with their specific fields of achievements given in Column II.

 
Column I Column II
A. Alec Jefferey i. Cytogenetics and radiation genetics in plants
B. M. S. Swaminathan ii. Function of DNA ligase
C. Eli Lily iii. DNA finger printing technology
D. Mertz and Devis iv. Preparation of humulin

  1. A – ii, B – i, C – iv, D – iii

  2. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii

  3. A – iv, B – iii, C – ii, D – i

  4. A – ii, B – iv, C – i, D – iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

M. S. Swaminathan studied cytogenetics and radiation genetics in plants.

Multiple choice

Mendel is famous for his experiments on:

  1. Pisum sativum

  2. Drosophila melanogaster

  3. Neurospora crassa

  4. Oenothera lamarkiana
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  Mendel is known for pea-plant experiments and subsequent theories on genetics. During a seven year period, Mendel experimented with pea plants in the garden owned in his monastery.

Multiple choice

Theory of spontaneous creation was supported by

  1. Van Helmont

  2. Redi

  3. Spallanzani

  4. Pasteur
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Theory of spontaneous generation was supported by Van Helmont. He insisted that knowledge of the natural world could be obtained only by experimentation.

Multiple choice

Who invented the arc lamp?

  1. Langmuir

  2. Lenaec

  3. Brush

  4. Daimler
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Charles F. Brush, an American inventor and engineer, invented the arc lamp in the 1870s. His arc lamp design was a significant improvement over earlier electric lighting and was used for street lighting in Cleveland and other cities. Brush's work was crucial in the development of practical electric lighting systems.

Multiple choice

Who discovered enzyme DNA polymerase I?

  1. T Kornberg and Malcolm

  2. Anderson et. Al

  3. Arthur Kornberg

  4. Temin and Baltimore
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Arthur Kornberg is credited for the discovery of DNA pol I in 1956.