Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Albert Einstein developed the Theory of Relativity, encompassing both special and general relativity. This fundamental physics theory revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. Note that option B has a typo - 'Issax Newton' should be 'Isaac Newton'.

Hugo de Vries discovered mutation in 1900 through his work on evening primrose plants. While Mendel discovered inheritance laws earlier, mutation as a phenomenon was discovered by de Vries. Morgan later discovered chromosomal inheritance, and Huxley was an evolutionary biologist.

Matrix mechanics was developed by Heisenberg, with contributions from Bohr and Dirac. Schroedinger created wave mechanics, a competing formulation later proven equivalent. He was NOT part of the matrix mechanics group.

John Logie Baird is credited with inventing the television. He demonstrated the first working television system in 1926. Baird was a Scottish engineer and pioneered the development of mechanical television. Edison invented the light bulb, Marconi developed radio telegraphy, and Faraday contributed to electromagnetism.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, not Selman Waksman. Waksman discovered several antibiotics including streptomycin, but the first antibiotic (penicillin) was Fleming's discovery. The statement is therefore false.

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen in 1766 and termed it 'inflammable air,' recognizing it as a distinct substance with unique properties. He identified hydrogen gas by observing that it was produced when acids reacted with metals.

Michael Faraday formulated the Laws of Electrolysis in 1833, establishing quantitative relationships between electricity and chemical change during electrolysis - specifically that the amount of substance deposited is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen in 1766 and termed it 'inflammable air,' recognizing it as a distinct substance with unique properties. He identified hydrogen gas by observing that it was produced when acids reacted with metals.

Michael Faraday formulated the quantitative laws of electrolysis in 1833, describing the relationship between the amount of substance deposited at electrodes and the electric charge passed through the solution. Humphry Davy discovered several elements using electrolysis but did not establish the mathematical laws.

Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of heredity through his pea plant experiments (1856-1863), establishing the principles of segregation and independent assortment. Davy worked in chemistry, Hans Christian Oersted in electromagnetism, and Newton in physics.

Ernest Rutherford supervised the famous gold foil experiment in 1909, which was actually conducted by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under his guidance. The experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus. J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, James Chadwick discovered the neutron, and Lew Kowarski was a nuclear physicist not associated with this experiment.

James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, confirming its existence as a neutral particle in the nucleus. Rutherford had predicted the neutron's existence earlier but didn't discover it. Niels Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, and J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, not the neutron.

Dmitri Mendeleev created the first successful periodic table in 1869, arranging elements by atomic weight and leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. His predictions about missing elements proved correct. Lavoisier categorized elements but didn't create a periodic table. Newlands proposed the Law of Octaves. Kekulé is famous for work on organic chemistry structure, not periodic tables.