Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Hergé was the pen name of Belgian comics artist Georges Remi. When his initials (RG) are pronounced in French (R-G pronounced as Hergé), they became his famous pseudonym under which he created The Adventures of Tintin.

JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications in 1995. It was developed in just 10 days and was originally intended to be a scripting language for the Netscape browser. Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) owns the trademark, but Netscape created the language.

The correct answer is D (Michael Faraday). In 1824, Faraday invented the first rubber balloon during his experiments with gases at the Royal Institution in London. He used hydrogen to inflate it. Neither Einstein, Newton, nor Franklin invented the rubber balloon.

Wallace H. Carothers, working at DuPont, invented nylon in the 1935 and led its commercial development. Nylon was the first completely synthetic fiber and revolutionized the textile industry. J.J. Berzelius was a chemist who discovered silicon, and Adam is not associated with nylon invention.

Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre, discovered the element radium in 1898. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry).

Paul Nipkow (scanning disk), John Logie Baird (mechanical TV), and Charles Francis Jenkins (radiovisor) were all key pioneers in the development of early mechanical television systems before electronic television became the standard.

Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839, demonstrating the principle of combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity with water as the only byproduct. Grove's invention was called a 'gas voltaic battery' and laid the foundation for modern fuel cell technology used in space vehicles and clean energy applications.

Lewis Edson Waterman was an insurance broker who supposedly lost a contract because a leaky pen ruined the document. This inspired him to invent a reliable fountain pen using the principle of capillarity in 1884.

Leo Hendrik Baekeland, a Belgian-American chemist, invented Bakelite in 1907. It was the first plastic made from synthetic components, marking the beginning of the modern plastics industry. Goodyear is known for vulcanized rubber, and Ford for the assembly line.

Edward Craven Walker, an Englishman, invented the lava lamp in 1963. The lamp was originally called the 'Astro Lamp' and became an iconic symbol of 1960s psychedelic culture. It works by heating a colored wax mixture in a liquid, creating the distinctive flowing lava-like motion as it rises and falls.

Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 and built the Faraday disk, the first electromagnetic generator. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, and Thomas Edison improved the light bulb and phonograph.

While Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the phonograph concept, it was actually built by his mechanic John Kruesi in 1877 based on Edison's sketches and instructions. Edison received the patent and is usually credited as the inventor, but Kruesi was the actual builder. Alexander Graham Bell improved on the design with the graphophone.

Karl Benz is credited with inventing the first modern automobile powered by an internal combustion engine (the Benz Patent-Motorwagen) in 1885. Torricelli invented the barometer, Macmillan the bicycle, and Baekeland the first synthetic plastic, Bakelite.

Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin was the pioneer of rigid airships, characterized by an internal metal frame. His first successful flight occurred in 1900. Turing, Bacon, and Otto are famous for contributions to logic, science/philosophy, and engines, not aeronautics.