Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins discovered the presence of vitamins in fresh foods in 1906, identifying that certain factors in food were essential for health. He won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1929 for this work, which laid the foundation for modern nutritional science. The other options (Dawkins, Maynard Smith, Desmond Morris) were evolutionary biologists or ethologists, not vitamin researchers.

Joseph Lister is known as the 'father of modern surgery' for his work in antiseptic medicine. He pioneered the use of carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds, drastically reducing post-operative infections.

Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1964 while working at the Stanford Research Institute. He demonstrated it in 1968 in what became known as The Mother of All Demos. The other options are not associated with the mouse's invention.

Alexander Graham Bell, born in Scotland, was a founder member of the National Geographic Society. The quote reflects his experimental approach to invention - he viewed experiments as learning opportunities regardless of immediate success. Bell's work on the telephone, photophone, and other inventions exemplified this philosophy of persistent experimentation.

Thomas Alva Edison established 'Black Maria' (also called the 'María' or 'Kinetographic Theater') in 1893, which is considered America's first movie studio. Edison held numerous patents including the telephone (in competition with Bell) and the stencil pen. The Black Maria was a rotating structure designed to capture sunlight for early film production.

Albert Einstein famously said 'Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.' He was also a founding supporter of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, serving on its first board of governors. The quote matches his known philosophical statements.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.

Thomas Edison developed the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While earlier inventors like Swan and others worked on electric lighting, Edison's design was the first viable, long-lasting bulb that could be mass-produced and widely adopted.