General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Who discovered synapse?

  1. R. Y. Cahal

  2. Sherrington

  3. Otto Loewi

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The term synapse was first discovered in 1897 by neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington. The gap between two neurons across which impulses are conducted is known as a synapse. Synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. It is important for neuronal function. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany fundamental unit of life: cell animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Who was the major proponent of the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

  1. Matthias Schleiden

  2. Theodore Schwann

  3. Rudolf Virchow

  4. Lynn Margulis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lynn Margulis was the primary scientist who developed and popularized the endosymbiotic theory, which explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Multiple choice physics electromagnetic waves properties and uses of different radiation electromagnetic spectrum spectrum

Infrared radiation was discovered in 1860  by

  1. William Wallaston

  2. William Herschel

  3. William Roentgen

  4. Thomas Young
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Herschel was testing filters for the sun so he could observe sun spots. When using a red filter he found there was a lot of heat produced. Herschel discovered infrared radiation in sunlight by passing it through a prism and holding a thermometer just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum.This thermometer was meant to be a control to measure the ambient air temperature in the room. He was shocked when it showed a higher temperature than the visible spectrum. Further experimentation led to Herschel's conclusion that there must be an invisible form of light beyond the visible spectrum.

Multiple choice physics electromagnetic waves properties and uses of different radiation electromagnetic spectrum spectrum

Infrared radiation was discovered in $1800$ by.

  1. William Wollaston

  2. William Herschel

  3. Wilhelm Roentgen

  4. Thomas Young
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Infrared radiation was discovered in $1800$ by $William Herschel$.

They discovered $\longrightarrow $ When sunlight went through various color filters; it produces different amount of heat. He hypothesized that colors could have different temperatures. He then passed light through glass prism, creating a color spectrum and analysing each color's temperature. He used three special thermometers.
For each color, one was placed within its bounds while the other two were outside as controls. The thermometer in the color had higher temperature than the others, and he found that each color going from violet to red was warmer than the last. He then placed a thermometer next to red light, where no color from spectrum were visible. He noticed that area had even higher temperature than color sections. He demonstrated that this visible type of light refracted and reflected the same way sunlight did.This light came to be known as infrared radiation.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms active transport and passive transport types of plant transport atp

ATP was discovered by

  1. Lipmann

  2. Lohmann

  3. Blackman

  4. Bowman
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ATP is known as energy currency of the cell and it is a nucleotide formed by the combination of adenine as a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and triphosphate. It is found in free cells which breaks to form energy by breaking its high energy phosphate bonds. Karl Lohmann was first to discover ATP. It is produced by the mitochondria in the cell.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

The first vaccination was discovered by:

  1. Robert Brown

  2. Robin cook

  3. Edward Jenner

  4. Alexander Fleming
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796. He followed up his observation that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not later catch smallpox by showing that inoculated cowpox protected against inoculated smallpox.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

Penicillin was discovered by

  1. Waksman

  2. Dubois

  3. Roberk koch

  4. A. Flemming
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Waksman is known for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.

Robert Koch is widely known for his work with anthrax, discovering the causative agent of the fatal disease to be Bacillus anthracis. Whereas Dubois was an American sociologist who raised his voice against color discrimination.
Sir Alexander Fleming was a biologist and pharmacologist most famous for his discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928. It was first commercial antibiotic discovered from a fungus called Penicillium notatum. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

Who initially developed the vaccine for rabies in man?

  1. Robert Koch

  2. Joseph Lister

  3. Louis Pasteur

  4. Stanely
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Vaccines are the suspension of the live or killed microorganism which mainly activates the immune response. 
  • Louis Pasteur produced the first vaccine for rabies by growing the virus in rabbits. 
  • Pasteur was the first scientist to artificially attenuate viruses for use in vaccines. 
  • He created several veterinary vaccines before his development of the rabies vaccine in 1885 for use in humans. 
  • So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

The process of attenuation was demonstrated by 

  1. Koch

  2. Pasteur

  3. Edward Jenner

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Attenuation is a process of injecting dead or weakened organisms of a particular disease into a healthy individual. So, as to create an active immunity against the infection. This was 1$^{st}$ demonstrated by Edward Jenner by administering cow pox virus (non fatal disease) to prevent small pox (fatal viral disease) infection.

So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner'

Multiple choice zoology energy flow in an ecosystem the energy pyramid ecological pyramid ecological pyramids

Who proposed the concept of ecological pyramids?

  1. Odum

  2. Clements

  3. Tansley

  4. Elton
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Odum is the father of modern ecology. Clements proposed the theory of plant succession. The tern ecosystem was proposed by Tansley. Elton proposed the concept of ecological pyramids. Hence, it is also called as Eltonian pyramids. Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the biomass at each trophic level. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Elton.'

Multiple choice economics producer's equilibrium equilibrium of a firm shifts in demand and supply liquidity preference and profit

Time element was conceived by _________.

  1. Adam Smith

  2. Alfred Marshall

  3. Pigou

  4. Lionel Robinson
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Time element was propounded by Alfred Marshall with respect to price discrimination. He said that demand and supply and the price all these factors should be managed by the seller perfectly on time to earn huge profits. Hence, time element was conceived by Alfred Marshall.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a scientific discovery that has had a significant impact on religious thought?

  1. The discovery of the heliocentric model of the solar system

  2. The discovery of the theory of evolution

  3. The discovery of the Big Bang theory

  4. The discovery of quantum mechanics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

All of these scientific discoveries have had a significant impact on religious thought, leading to debates about the relationship between science and religion.

Multiple choice

Who designed the Sydney Harbour Bridge?

  1. John Bradfield

  2. Ralph Freeman

  3. Donovan Lee

  4. Edward Warren
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

John Bradfield, an Australian engineer, designed the Sydney Harbour Bridge, which is one of the most iconic landmarks in Sydney.

Multiple choice

Who is credited with inventing the steam engine?

  1. Thomas Savery

  2. Thomas Newcomen

  3. James Watt

  4. Richard Trevithick
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

James Watt is widely credited with inventing the steam engine in the late 18th century.