Indian States and Union Territories

Manmohan Singh was a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) elected from Assam, though he was born in Punjab. He has represented Assam in Parliament since 1991. Prime Ministers in India can be from either house of Parliament.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It does NOT pass through Assam - it passes just south of Assam's border through Mizoram. While many other states are also not passed by the Tropic of Cancer, Assam is specifically listed among the options and is the correct choice in this context.

Goa is the smallest state in India by area, covering approximately 3,702 square kilometers. Sikkim has a smaller population but a larger geographical area than Goa.

Koyali refinery (also known as Kayamkulam) is located in Gujarat state. Gujarat is a major hub for petroleum refineries in India with facilities like Koyali, Vadinar, and Jamnagar. The other states listed (Bihar, Assam, U.P) have refineries or oil fields but not the Koyali one.

Tuticorin (Thoothukudi) is located in Tamil Nadu and has a major thermal power station. The other states listed do not have thermal stations at Tuticorin, which is a port city in Tamil Nadu.

Maharashtra became the first Indian state to implement environmental education as a compulsory separate subject in schools. This pioneering move in the mid-1990s set a precedent for other states to follow, recognizing the importance of environmental awareness from an early age.

Salim Durrani, one of India's famous cricketers from the 1960s, played for Rajasthan in domestic cricket. He was a key part of the Rajasthan team that won the Ranji Trophy, and the spelling variation 'Durrani' matches this legendary all-rounder.

The Sharavati River and its hydroelectric project (famous for Jog Falls) are located in Karnataka. The Sharavati project is a major hydroelectric initiative in the state, and Jog Falls is one of India's highest waterfalls, created by this river.

Maharashtra was the first state in India to implement environment as a separate subject in schools, pioneering environmental education in the country's school curriculum.

H. R. Bhardwaj served as the Governor of Karnataka from 2009 to 2014. He was a senior Congress leader and former Union Law Minister before this gubernatorial posting.

Kayamkulam is a historic town in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, situated on the banks of Kayamkulam Lake. It was the capital of the feudal principality of Onattukara. The question contains typos but the correct answer is Kerala.

Dum Dum is located in Kolkata, which is in the state of West Bengal. Among the given options, Kolkata is the only correct location where Dum Dum is actually situated. The other states (Bihar, Orissa, Kerala) are incorrect.

Keshopur is a town located in Bihar state. It is not in Goa (coastal state), Kerala (south India), or Madhya Pradesh (central India).

Akot is a city in Maharashtra state, which is not listed among the options (Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Bihar). Therefore 'None of these' is the correct answer.