Indian Scientists and Scholars

Correct option is (5).

Robert Kanigel's biography 'The Man Who Knew Infinity' chronicles the life of Srinivasa Ramanujan, the self-taught mathematical genius from Tamil Nadu. Homi Bhabha was a nuclear physicist, Aryabhatta was an ancient mathematician/astronomer, and C.V. Raman was a Nobel physicist.

U.N. Brahmachari identified Leishmania donovani as the causative agent of Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in the early 20th century and developed urea stibamine, an effective treatment. This tropical disease, transmitted by sandflies, was devastating in India. His diagnostic methods and therapeutic advances saved countless lives. Brahmachari's work established the medical understanding of this parasitic disease and provided treatment where none existed before.

C.V. Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman) won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the Raman Effect - scattering of light. V.S. Naipaul won in Literature, Mother Teresa in Peace. Raman was indeed the first Indian Nobel laureate in Physics.

Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to travel to space in 1984 aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 mission. Ramanujan was a mathematician, Tenzing Norgay was a mountaineer (first to climb Everest), and Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was a nuclear physicist.

Sabeer Bhatia co-founded Hotmail in 1996, which became the first web-based email service offering free email accounts accessible from anywhere via browser. Microsoft acquired Hotmail for $400 million in 1997. Shakuntala Devi was a mathematician, Narayana Murthy co-founded Infosys, and Azim Premji is Wipro's chairman.

M.S. Swaminathan is known as the Father of Green Revolution in India for his pioneering work in developing high-yielding wheat and rice varieties that transformed Indian agriculture. Norman Borlaug was the global figure while V.R. Rao and J.C. Bose were scientists in other fields.

Rakesh Sharma is India's 1st and World's 138th Cosmonaut to go to space on 3 April,1984

National Science Day in India is celebrated on February 28 to commemorate C.V. Raman's discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

Raj Krishna, an Indian economist, coined the term 'Hindu rate of growth' in 1978 to describe India's slow economic growth rate of around 3.5% per year from the 1950s to 1980s. The term was controversial as it suggested cultural rather than economic or policy reasons for the slow growth. A.K. Sen is famous for welfare economics, Kirit Parikh for planning, and Montek Singh Ahluwalia for planning reforms.

Anand Mohan Chakraborty developed genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida strains (superbugs) capable of degrading multiple hydrocarbons at once. These were created for bioremediation of oil spills. H.G. Khorana worked on genetic code.

Homi J. Bhabha is widely regarded as the father of India's nuclear program. He founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in 1945 and established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948, laying the foundation for nuclear research in India.

Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Literature, specifically for Gitanjali. C.V. Raman won later in 1930 for Physics, Amartya Sen in 1998 for Economics, and Homi Bhabha never received a Nobel Prize. Tagore remains Asia's first Nobel laureate.

APJ Abdul Kalam was the first President of India to fly in a Sukhoi 30 MKI at the age of 74, making him the oldest person to do so at that time.