Indian Regional Languages

Udant Martand (The Rising Sun) was the first Hindi language newspaper published in India. Started on May 30, 1826 from Calcutta (now Kolkata), the weekly newspaper, was published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.

Telugu is the second most spoken language in India after Hindi. While Hindi has the largest number of speakers, Telugu, primarily spoken in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, ranks second in terms of native speakers, reflecting the linguistic diversity and regional significance of Dravidian languages.

Hindi is the official and most widely spoken language of Uttarakhand (spelled 'Uttranchal' in the question, which is a variant spelling). The state was carved out of Uttar Pradesh in 2000 and has Hindi as its primary official language, along with Sanskrit as the second official language. Various regional dialects like Garhwali and Kumaoni are also spoken.

Hindi is the official language of Jharkhand, as it is for most Indian states. While many tribal and regional languages are spoken in Jharkhand (like Santali, Mundari, and others), Hindi serves as the official administrative language. English, Marathi, and Oriya are not the official languages of Jharkhand.

Malayalam is the principal language spoken in Lakshadweep, as the islands are geographically and culturally closer to Kerala. While other languages may be spoken, Malayalam is the dominant and official language of the union territory. Oriya, Punjabi, and Hindi are not the primary languages of Lakshadweep.

Hindi is the official language of Chhattisgarh, as it is for most Indian states in the Hindi-speaking belt. While Chhattisgarhi (a dialect of Hindi) and various tribal languages are widely spoken, Hindi serves as the official administrative language. English, Marathi, and Punjabi are not the official languages of Chhattisgarh.

Jagbani is a leading Punjabi-language newspaper published from Jalandhar, Punjab. It was founded in 1978 and is one of the most widely circulated Punjabi newspapers, covering news from Punjab and surrounding regions.

Hindi is the most widely spoken language and official language of Uttarakhand (formerly spelled Uttranchal). The state was carved out of Uttar Pradesh in 2000 and has Hindi as its primary administrative language.

Bengali is the official language of West Bengal as per the Official Languages Act, 1961. Hindi is the official language of several northern states, Urdu has official status in Jammu and Kashmir, and English is an additional official language for central government purposes.

The National Policy on Education 1986 emphasized the importance of mother tongue as the primary medium of instruction at the elementary level, as it facilitates better understanding and cognitive development. This policy recognizes India's linguistic diversity.

The three-language formula under NPE 1986 for Punjab is Punjabi (mother tongue/regional language), Hindi (official language), and English (global language). This balances regional identity, national integration, and global connectivity. Urdu and Persian are not part of the standard formula for Punjab, and Sanskrit is optional but not in the core three.

The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was originally composed in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. Though it uses Sanskritized Bengali, the original language was Bengali, not Hindi or English.

Premchand started writing in Urdu and then shifted to Hindi. He wrote in both the languages.

Dogri is primarily spoken in the Jammu region of Jammu & Kashmir. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 2 million people, predominantly in the Jammu division. The language has rich literary traditions and was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003.