Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers

Brahmagupta, in his treatise, the Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the positions of planets and stars based on their mean motions.

Bhaskara II, in his treatise, the Lilavati, focused on mathematics and astronomy, covering topics such as arithmetic, geometry, and astronomical calculations.

Aryabhata, in his treatise, the Surya Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth, which was remarkably accurate for its time.

Varahamihira, in his treatise, the Brihat Samhita, covered topics such as astronomy, astrology, and architecture, demonstrating his diverse knowledge in various fields.

Aryabhata, in his treatise, the Surya Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the time of sunrise and sunset, demonstrating his expertise in astronomical calculations.

Aryabhata, an eminent Indian mathematician and astronomer, is credited with the development of the sine table, which played a crucial role in navigation and astronomy.

Brahmagupta, a prominent Indian mathematician and astronomer, made significant contributions to spherical trigonometry. His work in this field had a profound impact on navigation and astronomy.

Bhaskara II, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, authored the treatise 'Lilavati', which contains a section specifically focused on navigation and maritime mathematics.

Aryabhata introduced the concept of 'drishtirekha' or 'line of sight', which is a crucial principle in navigation for determining the direction and distance to a celestial body.

Brahmagupta is credited with the development of the 'chakravala' method, an iterative technique that proved instrumental in solving complex mathematical problems, including those encountered in navigation.

Madhava of Sangamagrama is renowned for his work on the 'Jya' table, which provided accurate values for trigonometric functions and played a vital role in navigation and astronomy.

Brahmagupta made significant contributions to the 'Navagraha Ganita' or 'Mathematics of Nine Planets', which involved the study of planetary motion and its impact on navigation.

Brahmagupta developed the concept of 'kuttaka' or 'pulverizer', a method for solving indeterminate equations, which had practical applications in navigation.

Aryabhata's 'Aryabhatiya' is a renowned treatise that encompasses significant contributions to astronomy and navigation, including the development of the sine table.

Varahamihira, not included in the options, is credited with the development of the 'Panchasiddhantika', a treatise that compares five different astronomical systems.