Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers

Aryabhata developed the concept of the precession of the equinoxes, the gradual shift in the position of the equinoxes over time, in the 5th century CE.

Aryabhata calculated the length of the solar year to be 365.25875 days, which is very close to the modern value of 365.24219 days.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Panchasiddhantika' in the 6th century CE, which compared five different astronomical systems.

Varahamihira developed the concept of the zodiac and the twelve signs of the zodiac in the 6th century CE.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Lilavati' in the 12th century CE, which focused on arithmetic and geometry.

Varahamihira developed the concept of the nine planets, including Rahu and Ketu, in Indian astronomy in the 6th century CE.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Siddhānta Shiromani' in the 12th century CE, which became a standard textbook in Indian astronomy.

Lagadha, an astronomer from the 1st century BCE, is believed to have made the first recorded observation of a solar eclipse in India.

Nilakantha Somayaji, a 15th-century astronomer, proposed the idea of an elliptical orbit for planets, centuries before Kepler's formulation of elliptical orbits.

Brahmagupta, a 7th-century astronomer, developed a method for calculating the distance to the Moon using the lunar parallax method.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

Brahmagupta developed a method for calculating the time of sunrise and sunset using trigonometric functions.

Aryabhata proposed the idea of a rotating Earth, which was a significant departure from the prevailing geocentric model of the time.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth using trigonometric functions.

The 'Lilavati' is an ancient Indian text that deals with mathematics, specifically arithmetic and geometry.