Indian Honours and Awards

Shyam Benegal, a renowned Indian filmmaker (born 1934), received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2005. Known for parallel cinema like 'Ankur,' 'Manthan,' and 'Bhumika,' he's a key figure in Indian New Wave cinema. The award is India's highest cinematic honor.

S. Chandrasekhar (Physics, 1983) and Hargobind Khorana (Medicine, 1968) are both Indian-born American citizens who won Nobel Prizes. Rabindranath Tagore was Indian citizen (1913), not American. Tagore won before the concept of 'Indian-born American' existed in this context.

C.V. Raman was the first recipient of India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna in 1954, along with politician Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The award recognizes exceptional service in arts, literature, science, and public affairs.

Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 specifically for his contributions to welfare economics. His work on poverty, famine, and human development theory revolutionized how economists understand social welfare and individual freedom. The other options are not recognized economic sub-disciplines.

M.S. Subbulakshmi was the first musician to receive Bharat Ratna in 1998. Ravi Shankar received it later in 1999, while Balamurali Krishna and Naushad Ali received it in 1991 and other years respectively but after Subbulakshmi.

The Kalinga Prize is awarded by UNESCO for popularizing science. The Pulitzer is for journalism/arts, Booker for fiction, and Birla Awards are for Indian scientific research but not specifically science popularization.

Correct answer is (1). 

The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1996 was indeed awarded to Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. This award recognizes individuals for their outstanding contribution to international understanding and cooperation.

Sitara Devi, the renowned Kathak exponent, was conferred the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship (Akademi Ratna) in 2008. She was celebrated as the 'Empress of Kathak' for her revolutionary contributions to classical dance. The other names listed are incorrect recipients for this honor in 2008.

The Kalinga Prize is awarded by UNESCO for outstanding contribution to the popularization of science. It was established in 1951 and is named after the ancient region of Kalinga in India. Pulitzer Prize is for journalism/arts, Booker Prize for fiction, and Birla Award for Indian scientists.

The Gandhi Peace Prize for 1996 was awarded to Professor Adolfo De Obieta, an Argentine physician and human rights activist who worked for the poor and marginalized. Julius Nyerere (Tanzania's first President) received it in 1997, A.T. Ariyaratne (Sri Lankan activist) in 1995, and Mother Teresa received it earlier in 1995 as well (though her year was also 1995, making this question context-specific).

Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics. His work on poverty, famine, inequality, and social choice theory fundamentally shaped our understanding of how to improve human welfare. While he worked on food and famines, his broader contribution was in welfare economics.

Rs. 5 lakh cash prize is given to the winner of Jnanpith Award.