Indian Honours and Awards

Muhammad Yunus, the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner, founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh pioneering microfinance - small loans to poor people without collateral. The bank shared the Nobel Prize with Yunus for their efforts to create economic and social development from below.

Abdus Salam was the first Pakistani to win a Nobel Prize, receiving the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in electroweak unification. The other options appear to be fictional or misspelled names. Note: Salam's first name is 'Abdus', not 'Abdul'.

Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel Peace Prize winner, founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, which pioneered microfinance and microcredit concepts. The bank shared the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize with Yunus for their efforts to create economic and social development from below.

Narayana Murthy received the Legion of Honour (Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur) in 2008, France's highest civilian award, for his outstanding contributions to the IT sector and promoting Indo-French economic ties.

Nobel Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics (established later). Mathematics has never had a Nobel Prize category. A popular but unverified legend suggests this was because Alfred Nobel's wife had an affair with a mathematician, but the actual reason is simply that Nobel didn't view mathematics as a science that directly benefited humanity in his criteria.

Martin Luther King Jr. was an American civil rights leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, not India's Bharat Ratna. Mother Teresa (1980), Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (1987), and Nelson Mandela (1990) are all Bharat Ratna recipients.

The Government of India has instituted Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award. This award is given to individuals who show extraordinary courage and dedication to protect trees.

Amartya Sen won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics. Manmohan Singh, though an eminent economist, has not won a Nobel Prize. Asif Ali Zardari and Michael Jackson have not won Nobel Prizes.

S. Chandrasekhar (Physics, 1983) and Hargobind Khorana (Medicine, 1968) are both Indian-born American citizens who won Nobel Prizes. Rabindranath Tagore was Indian citizen (1913), not American. Tagore won before the concept of 'Indian-born American' existed in this context.

Madame Curie (Marie Curie) is the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields - Physics in 1903 (shared with her husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel) and Chemistry in 1911. Winston Churchill won one Nobel Prize in Literature. George Choupak is not a recognized Nobel laureate.

C.V. Raman was the first recipient of India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna in 1954, along with politician Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The award recognizes exceptional service in arts, literature, science, and public affairs.

Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 specifically for his contributions to welfare economics. His work on poverty, famine, and human development theory revolutionized how economists understand social welfare and individual freedom. The other options are not recognized economic sub-disciplines.

M.S. Subbulakshmi was the first musician to receive Bharat Ratna in 1998. Ravi Shankar received it later in 1999, while Balamurali Krishna and Naushad Ali received it in 1991 and other years respectively but after Subbulakshmi.

The Kalinga Prize is awarded by UNESCO for popularizing science. The Pulitzer is for journalism/arts, Booker for fiction, and Birla Awards are for Indian scientific research but not specifically science popularization.

Correct answer is (1).