Indian Honours and Awards

Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest gallantry award, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. Ashoka Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award, while Vir Chakra and Kirti Chakra are lower in precedence.

Sachin Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award (1994), Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (1997-98), Padma Shri (1999), and Padma Vibhushan (2008). He did not receive the Padma Bhushan - he was directly awarded Padma Vibhushan after Padma Shri.

Vijay received the Kalaimamani award from the Tamil Nadu government in 1998, recognizing his contribution to Tamil cinema. The award was not given in 1997, 1999, or 2000.

Dharmendra won the Filmfare Best Actor award for his performance in the film 'Anupama' (1967), which was his only Filmfare award during his acting career. He did not receive a Lifetime Achievement award from Filmfare - that honor typically comes much later in an artist's career and is given for overall contribution, not for a specific performance.

The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 jointly to Henry Dunant (C), founder of the Red Cross, and Frederic Passy. Dunant is recognized for his humanitarian work. Barack Obama (2009), Martti Ahtisaari (2008), and Albert Arnold Gore (2007) are much later laureates.

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, an Indian-born British-American structural biologist, won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath. They were honored for their studies of the structure and function of the ribosome. Ramakrishnan's work focused on determining the atomic structure of the ribosome.

Amartya Sen, the Indian economist and philosopher, won the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics (officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel). He was honored for his contributions to welfare economics, including his work on social choice theory, poverty measurement, and human development approach.

Sachin Tendulkar has received all three major Indian sporting honors: the Arjuna Award (1994), Padma Shri (1999), and Padma Vibhushan (2008). He also received India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna, in 2014. These awards recognize his exceptional contribution to Indian cricket and his status as a sporting legend.

Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in 1913 for Literature, specifically for Gitanjali. C.V. Raman was the second Indian Nobel laureate (1930, Physics), while Amartya Sen won much later (1998, Economics). Homi Bhabha never received a Nobel Prize.

The Shankar Puraskar is instituted by the KK Birla Foundation and recognizes outstanding contributions to Indian philosophy, culture, and art. The Foundation also gives the Saraswati Samman (for literature), but Shankar Puraskar is specifically for philosophy and cultural work.

The Dhanvantari Award is given for outstanding contributions to the field of medicine and medical research. Named after Dhanvantari, the Hindu god of medicine, it recognizes achievements in healthcare, medical science, and related fields. Physics (A) has Nobel Prize; space research has various awards; literature has its own awards.

The Jnanpith Award is India's highest literary honor, presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization. It recognizes outstanding contributions to Indian literature. Vyas Samman and Kalidas Samman are prestigious but specifically for Hindi literature, while Saraswati Samman is for literature in any Indian language but ranked below Jnanpith in prestige.

Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, conferred for exceptional service in any field. The Padma awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri) are the next three highest civilian honors, ranked in descending order. Bharat Ratna stands at the pinnacle of India's honor system.

The JB Pant Award is given to the Best Parliamentarian in India. It recognizes distinguished parliamentary conduct and contributions. The Gujar Mal Modi Award is for excellence in various fields, and Nehru Award is for international understanding. The 'none of those' option is incorrect.