Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice

Which is/are the safe period(s) of sexual intercourse?

  1. During menstrual cycle

  2. Before 8th day of menstrual cycle

  3. After 21st day of menstrual cycle

  4. Both (2) and (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The safe period of sexual intercourse is before 8th day and after 21st day of menstrual cycle.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone are used for birth control. Reason (R): Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone are both hormones responsible for the prevention of ovulation. Select the most appropriate opinion.

  1. A is false but B is true.

  2. A is true but B is false.

  3. Both A and B are false.

  4. Both A and B are true.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Birth control pills essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives. Both of these compounds are hormones. The agents are used for this purpose are known as contraceptive agents. Examples are- Mestranol, Ethinyl estradiol, Norethindrone, Drospirenone, levonorgestral, etc.

Multiple choice

Which of the following, if present in urine samples, would indicate pregnancy?

  1. Estrogen

  2. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

  3. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is produced by the developing placenta shortly after implantation and is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests. Estrogen, progesterone, and LH are present in menstrual cycles but are not specific pregnancy markers in urine.

Multiple choice

Mirena is

  1. used in abortion

  2. anti-progesterone

  3. progesterone IUCD

  4. hormonal implant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mirena is a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS) classified as a hormonal/progesterone-containing IUCD. It provides long-term contraception for up to 5 years. It is not used for abortion (that's mifepristone), not just anti-progesterone, and not a subdermal implant (that's Implanon/Nexplanon).

Multiple choice

Post-operative radiotherapy in a patient, operated for Ca-endometrium is indicated in all of the following, except

  1. deep myometrial invasion

  2. pelvic lymph node involvement

  3. enlarged uterine cavity

  4. poor tumour differentiation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Post-operative radiotherapy for endometrial cancer is indicated for high-risk features: deep myometrial invasion (>50%), pelvic lymph node involvement, and poor tumor differentiation (grade 3). Enlarged uterine cavity alone is a structural finding, not a risk factor for recurrence, so it is not an indication for radiotherapy.

Multiple choice

Clomiphene citrate is associated with all, except

  1. polycystic ovarian disease

  2. multiple pregnancies

  3. ovarian cancer

  4. teratogenecity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Clomiphene citrate is used for ovulation induction in PCOS, increases risk of multiple pregnancies (10-15%), and long-term use may increase ovarian cancer risk. It is NOT a teratogen - studies show no increased risk of birth defects compared to the general population when used appropriately.

Multiple choice

Oral contraception pills used by females help in birth control by:

  1. Inhibiting ovulation

  2. Forming barrier between sperm and ovum

  3. Kills ova

  4. Kills sperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oral contraceptive pills work primarily by inhibiting ovulation through synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that suppress the natural hormonal cycle. This prevents egg release from the ovaries. They do not create physical barriers (like condoms) or directly kill sperm or ova - those are mechanisms of different contraceptive methods like IUDs or barrier methods.

Multiple choice

Phenotypically females having rudimentary ovaries, under developed breast, short stature, webbing neck, often subnormal intelligence suggest:

  1. Down's syndrome

  2. Turner's syndrome

  3. Haemophilic syndrome

  4. Klinefelter's syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Turner's syndrome (45,X) is a chromosomal condition in females characterized by monosomy X. Key features include rudimentary ovaries (streak ovaries), underdeveloped breasts, short stature, webbed neck, and sometimes learning difficulties. Down's involves trisomy 21, while Klinefelter's affects males (XXY).

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about endometrial cancer?

  1. It is an abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to spread to other parts of the body.
  2. It is allied with exorbitant androgen unveiling, low blood pressure and diabetes.
  3. Polycystic ovary syndrome, which causes irregular or no ovulation, is associated with a higher rate of endometrial cancer.

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 1 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. Endometrial cancer is allied with exorbitant estrogen unveiling, high blood pressure and diabetes.