Greenhouse Gases and Atmosphere

The green house gas is $CO 2$.
A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption%28electromagnetic_radiation%29"> and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the green house effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmophere are water vapor, $CO _2 $, $CH _4$ , nitrou oxide and Ozone.
Thus Option D is correct.

This fluorinated gas absorbs the most heat over a hundred-year period. Its global warming potential is 23,500, compared to 28 for methane and 1 for carbon dioxide.

On average, methane lingers in the atmosphere for $12$ years, while $CO _2$ can remain for thousands of years.

Methane allows sunlight (shortwave radiation) to pass through the atmosphere freely, where it is then partially absorbed by the surface of the Earth. But some of this energy bounces back out towards space as heat. Of the heat emitted back to space, some is intercepted and absorbed by methane in the atmosphere. This molecular structure allows it to absorb some of the escaping heat and then re-emit it towards the Earth which increases global temperatures.

The greenhouse effect simply describes the fundamental role our atmosphere plays in sustaining life on Earth. Energy from the sun in the form of sunlight passes through our atmosphere and warms the surface of the Earth which then emits the energy back into the atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases, which make up only about one per cent of the atmosphere, absorb and re-emit some of this heat, preventing much of it leaving the Earth's atmosphere. This keeps the blue planet at a comfy temperature to sustain life.
But over time, climate scientists argue, our atmosphere has accumulated more greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons. This increased concentration of atmospheric gases traps more heat close to the Earth's surface in the lower atmosphere and increases the average global temperature. This process, called the 'enhanced greenhouse effect', is fundamental to global warming.

These emissionsmostly from burning coal, oil, and natural gasaccounted for 82 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gases in 2013.

Livestock, particularly cattle, produce significant amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, through enteric fermentation. This contributes more to global greenhouse gas emissions than the entire transportation sector.

The Earth's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), with trace amounts of other gases.

Biogas is primarily composed of methane (CH4), which typically makes up 50-75% of the gas mixture produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter.

The main component of natural gas is methane. 

Biogas is produced through the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter. The primary combustible gases produced are methane, which makes up the majority, along with carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases.

The USA is historically one of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide due to its large industrial base and energy consumption.

When marine organisms die, their bodies sink into the sediments at the bottom of the ocean. The carbon from their bodies is released which forms marine sediments that arc the largest store of carbon on earth.

The gas produced by decaying agricultural waste, plant residues, animal dung etc. in the absence of air, is called Biogas.

Trace gases are those present in very small concentrations in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered a trace gas, whereas Nitrogen and Oxygen are major components.