Geodesy and Celestial Mechanics

The easternmost longitude of India is 97 degrees 25 minutes East, which passes through Arunachal Pradesh. The other options represent different geographical coordinates of India, such as the westernmost longitude or the southernmost latitude.

Earth's magnetic field is inclined between —90^o to 90^o. In the northern hemisphere, it points downwards and upwards in the southern hemisphere.

The actual average distance between Sun and Earth is 152 x 106 km, which is near to 150 x 106 km.

The decreasing order of arrangement of continent according to the percentage of Earth’s land is Africa (29800000 sq km), North America (21510000 sq kin) South America (17598000 sq km) and Europe (9699550 sqkm).

Bermuda Triangle is a strange and mysterious location in southern Atlantic Ocean. It is roughly in the shape of a triangle which extends up to South Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda Island.

If the stars are seen to rise perpendicular to the horizon by an observer, then the observer is at the equator because celestial equator is an imaginary circle around the sky directly above Earth's equator. 

The Earth is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is approximately spherical but flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. This shape results from Earth's rotation causing centrifugal force that pushes material outward at the equator, making the equatorial diameter about 43 kilometers larger than the polar diameter.

At ‘M₄’, the height of the tide will be the maximum.

About 50% of the world population is concentrated between latitudes of 20°N and 40°N because most populous countries and areas like Asia, USA, Europe and India lie within these latitudes.

The average distance from the Earth to the Moon is approximately 238,855 miles or 384,400 kilometers.

Apogee is defined as the point in the Moon's orbit where it is at its maximum distance from the Earth.

Perigee is the point in the Moon's orbit where it is closest to the Earth.

Pluto's diameter is approximately 1,473 miles, which is slightly less than the width of Australia at its widest point (about 2,500 miles, but often cited in trivia as comparable to the width of Australia).

Earth completes one full rotation on its axis every 24 hours, which creates the cycle of day and night. A year is the time it takes to orbit the Sun.