Genetics and Plant Breeding

The total number of linkage groups in an organism equals to the number of autosomes in its haploid cell. Pisum sativum has seven pairs of chromosomes which mean that the number of autosomes in its haploid cell is 7. Hence, a total number of linkage groups will be 7 provided all the genes are mapped. So, the correct answer is option C.

The phenomenon of linkage was first observed by Bateson and Punnet in 1906 in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus). Linkage describes the way in which two genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome are often inherited together. Hence option B is correct.

In the case of self pollinated plants, the self pollen pollinates on the stigma. The allele involved in the production of pollen affects the progeny plants in the subsequent generations. The allele for the formation of pollen from pollen mother cells and the allele for vegetative growth and production of flowers are tightly linked. So, when the plants did not show enhanced growth and flowering, it can be said that this gene also suppresses development of pollen mother cells which will thereby affect the distribution in the next generations. 

Linked gene do not show :

Genes that are sufficiently close together on a chromosome will tend to "stick together," and the alleles of those genes that are together on a chromosome will tend to be inherited as a pair more often than not. This phenomenon is called genetic linkage. These genes are called as linked genes that are likely to be inherited together because they are physically close to one another on the same chromosome.

The human male is heterozygous for A and B, and homozygous dominant for C, with genotype Aa Bb CC S (plus Y). To produce a sperm carrying the abcS condition, the sperm must receive recessive alleles a and b, but the individual is homozygous dominant for C (meaning only allele C is present, never c). Therefore, the probability of producing a sperm with the allele c is 0, making the overall probability 0.

Man is bbhh (blue eyes, red hair - both recessive). Woman is BBrr (black eyes dominant, red hair recessive). Their F1 progeny will all be Bbrr (black eyes, red hair). When crossed with bbhh, all offspring will be Bbrr (black eyes, red hair) in phenotype. However, the question structure suggests the man is bbhh and woman is BBHh, giving 50% black eyes with black hair and 50% blue eyes with black hair.

To be homozygous tall and bearing yellow flowers, the progeny must have the genotype TT YY. However, the second parent is homozygous recessive (tt yy) and can only contribute recessive t and y alleles to all offspring, making it impossible for any offspring to be homozygous dominant (TT) for the height trait.

Male pattern baldness is X-linked recessive. If both parents are bald, mother is X^bX^b and father is X^BY. First daughter being normal means she's X^BX^b (heterozygous carrier). Second male child receives Y from father and X from mother. With probability 1, he receives X^b from mother, making him X^bY and bald.

Since both the guinea pigs are homozygous mating them will result in a heterozygous genotype in the offspring. In the heterozygous condition, the dominant allele has the ability to mask the effect of the recessive allele. Therefore, the phenotypic character that will be expressed will be the phenotype of the dominant character and the F1 progeny color will be the dominant color. So, the correct option is 'Mate them together and see what color the offspring are that will be the dominant color'.

An individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring.

The phenotype of an organism is the composite of the organisms observable characters, A has 2 observable characters, B shows 4 characters, while C shows 3.