Biology
Genetics and Plant Breeding
1,240 Questions
Genetics and Plant Breeding explores the principles of heredity, chromosomal inheritance, and hybridization techniques. It includes key concepts like Mendelian genetics, gene linkage, and polygenic inheritance. This topic is essential for students tackling advanced biology or botany sections in competitive examinations.
Mendelian InheritanceChromosome TheoryGene LinkagePolygenic InheritancePlant HybridizationPopulation Genetics Equilibrium
Genetics and Plant Breeding Questions
A
Correct answer
Explanation
In sexual reproduction, an organism inherits one set of chromosomes (and thus one copy of each gene) from each parent. This results in a diploid state where there are two copies of each gene total.
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Loci
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Allele
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Phyla
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Archaea
B
Correct answer
Explanation
An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Plant tissue culture is specifically designed to produce clones, meaning the resultant plants are genetically identical to the parent plant.
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pomology
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annual
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Hybrid
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mutant
C
Correct answer
Explanation
A hybrid is the offspring of two plants of different varieties, species, or genera, often created to combine desirable traits from both parents.
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all of his daughters
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half of his daughters
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all of his sons
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half of his sons
A
Correct answer
Explanation
A man has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. He passes his X chromosome to all of his daughters and his Y chromosome to all of his sons.
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higher if they are recessive
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proportional to the distance between them
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difficult to predict
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determined by their relative dominance
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The frequency of recombination through crossing over is directly related to the physical distance between two genes on a chromosome. The further apart they are, the more likely a crossover event will occur between them.
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mitochondrial DNA
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X chromosome
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male-pattern baldness trait
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mitochondrial DNA AND X chromosome
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Human males inherit their X chromosome from their mother. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively through the maternal line (the egg cytoplasm).
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expression of the trait might "skip" a generation
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the trait could be more common in females than in males
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all females might become homozygous for the trait
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the gene for the trait might mutate to a dominant allele
B
Correct answer
Explanation
For a sex-linked recessive trait, males are more frequently affected than females because they only have one X chromosome. It is incorrect to say the trait would be more common in females.
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has two parents.
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developed from a zygote.
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inherited genes from two parents.
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is genetically identical to its parent.
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical clones of that parent. It does not involve the mixing of genetic material from two parents.
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9:4:2:1
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7:6:2:1
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4:4:4:4
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9:3:3:1
D
Correct answer
Explanation
A dihybrid cross between RRYY and rryy results in an F2 generation with a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
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Dominant
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Recessive
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Autosomal Dominant
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X-linked Recessive
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Autosomal traits are located on non-sex chromosomes, meaning they are inherited equally by males and females. X-linked traits show different inheritance patterns between sexes due to the difference in X chromosome count.
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Dominant
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Recessive
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Autosomal
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X-linked
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Genes located on the X chromosome are referred to as X-linked. These traits often show distinct inheritance patterns because males have only one X chromosome.
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Hardie-Weanbergg
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Hardy-Weanberg
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Hardy-Weinberg
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Harry-Winberg
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The Hardy-Weinberg principle, which describes allele and genotype frequencies in a population, is named after G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg.
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P^2 + 2pq + q^2
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pq^2 + p^2 + q^2
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p^2 + 2pq + q^2
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P^2 + 2pq + p^2
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Multiple genes control one trait
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One gene control one trait
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no genes control multiple traits
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your genes are tired of this trait