Genetics and Plant Breeding

The colour based contrasting traits studied by Mender in pea plant were pod colour,  i.e., green (dominant) and yellow (recessive), flower colour, i.e., violet (dominant) and white (recessive) and seed colour, i.e., yellow (dominant) and green (recessive). 

Chromosome theory of inheritance or Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material

Flavr Savr is a transgenic tomato created by genetic engineering to delay ripening.

Each polygene contributes 10gm. The difference between genotypes is 160-100=60gm. This difference is distributed across 3 gene pairs (6 alleles), so each contributing allele adds 60/6=10gm. Since each gene pair has 2 contributing alleles, each polygene contributes 20gm total (2 alleles x 10gm each). However, the question asks per polygene pair, so 10gm per allele x 2 alleles per gene = 20gm per gene pair. Wait, let me recalculate: aabbcc (0 contributing alleles) = 100gm, AABBCC (6 contributing alleles) = 160gm. Each contributing allele adds (160-100)/6 = 10gm. Since each gene has 2 alleles, each gene contributes 20gm when fully dominant. But the options suggest 10gm is the expected answer.

Genes are the chromosomal part that carries genetic information from one generation to another. Each gene has a pair of two contrasting alleles which is responsible for the effect of the gene in dominant and recessive traits. If seven characters of weight are there each will have two sites in the gene which shows recessive and dominant characters.

(d) Gossypium arboreum, G. herbaceous - old world
species - 2n = 26 Diploid Gossypium hirsutum, G.
barbedens- new world species - 2n = 52 tetraploid.

The ABO blood type system is controlled by three alleles: I-A, I-B, and i. These alleles interact to produce the four possible blood types (A, B, AB, and O).

Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics, famously used pea plants (Pisum sativum) for his experiments because they were easy to grow and had distinct, observable traits.

If two parents do not show a trait but have an affected offspring, the parents must be carriers (heterozygous) for a recessive trait, meaning they are unaffected.

If two affected parents produce an unaffected offspring, the parents must both carry the recessive allele, making them heterozygous for the trait.

The ABO blood type system has three alleles (I-A, I-B, i), which result in four distinct phenotypes: Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O.

There is no direct correlation between the number of genes (genome size) and the biological complexity of an organism; for example, some plants have more genes than humans.

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that differ by small variations in their DNA sequence. These differences typically involve one or a few nucleotide bases. These small sequence changes can result in different phenotypes (traits) while the alleles still code for versions of the same characteristic and occupy the same chromosomal position.

Genetic research indicates that blue eye color originated from a single genetic mutation in the OCA2 gene that occurred in a single ancestor thousands of years ago.