Genetics and Plant Breeding

In Sorghum, supplementary genes control glume color - gene C produces color precursor while gene R converts it to red pigment. The 9:3:4 ratio arises from this interaction where both dominant alleles are needed. Without functional R, the color may appear different or absent, but red specifically results when both genes function.

Raphanobrassica is an intergeneric hybrid between radish (Raphanus sativus) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), created artificially in the early 20th century. As an allotetraploid, it contains two complete diploid sets from different parent species - one from Raphanus and one from Brassica. This was one of the first experimental demonstrations of allopolyploidy in plants.

 There are 4 genotypes which are represented by tall plants bearing red flowers in F-2 generation in pea plant.

 All of the factors mentioned above help in independent segregation of characters of different traits.

A gene pool refers to the complete set of genetic information (alleles) present in all individuals of a population. It represents the total genetic diversity available for natural selection to act upon. Unlike genotype (individual genetic makeup) or genomics (study of genomes), the gene pool is specifically the aggregate genetic resources of a breeding population.

The germplasm theory proposed by August Weismann states that germ cells (reproductive cells) contain the hereditary information that is passed to offspring, while somatic cells (body cells) do not contribute to heredity. Vegetative reproduction in plants demonstrates this concept, as the new plant develops from germplasm rather than somatoplasm, supporting Weismann's theory of the continuity of the germplasm.

Yes, it is correct. In F1 generation he got all tall plants and in F2 generation he got tall plant : short plant = 3 : 1.

Sign epistasis occurs when one mutation has the opposite effect when in the presence of another mutation. This occurs when a mutation that is deleterious on its own can enhance the effect of a particular beneficial mutation. For example, a large and complex brain is a waste of energy without a range of sense organs, however sense organs can be more useful if the organisms brain is better able to process the information.

Sex-influenced or sex-conditioned traits are phenotypes affected by whether they appear in a male or female body. Even in a homozygous dominant or recessive female, the condition may not be expressed fully. Example: Baldness in humans.

Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele related to the chromosomal sex of the individual. This mode of inheritance is in contrast to the inheritance of traits on autosomal chromosomes, where both sexes have the same probability of inheritance.

True or genomic polyploids are derived from the hybridisation of parents with dissimilar genome sets.

In order to analyse the genotype of an organism, it is made to cross with recessive plant not with dominant parent.This cross is called test cross.

Adventitious embryony is a type of agamospermy where there is no development of gametophytes. The embryo is formed from cells of the diploid sporophyte like the integument.

This option is correct because all are dominant characters: Green colour of uniped pods: Dominant Axillary position of flowers: Dominant Round shape of seeds: Dominant

If father has blood group A (genotype could be AA or AO) and mother has blood group O (genotype OO), their children can inherit either A or O alleles from the father and O from the mother. Possible genotypes are AO (blood group A) or OO (blood group O). Therefore, the son could have blood group O or A, but not B or AB.